欢迎来到精华作文网！
大学英语b统考题库
语文题库
时间：2010-08-19
【www.jinghuajt.com--语文题库】
大学英语b统考题库篇(一):2017大学英语b级考试时间
很多报考了大学b级的同学都想知道b级什么时候开始考。下面是百分网小编整理的大学英语b级考试时间，希望对你有帮助。
大学英语b级考试时间
2017年下半年PRE应用英语AB级笔试考试于2017年12月17日(星期日)举行。此次报考以考生自愿为原则，按规定时间和程序自行上学院教务系统窗口报名，以班级为单位缴费;在外实习班级以辅导员为单位,所有手续和在校报名班级一样，请帮忙报名的辅导员负责到底。现将有关报名事项通知如下：
笔试报名时间：2017年9月6日—9月25日8点.逾期不受理
大学英语b级考试大纲
考试对象
本大纲适用于修完《基本要求》B级所规定的全部内容的高等职业教育、普通高等专科教育、成人高等教育和本科办二级技术学院各非英语专业的学生。
考试性质
本考试的目的是考核考生的语言知识、语言技能和使用英语处理有关一般业务和涉外交际的基本能力，其性质是教学---水平考试。
考试方式
考试方式为机试
考试内容
包括五个部分：听力理解、语汇用法和语法结构、阅读理解、翻译(英译汉)和写作(或汉译英)。考试范围限于《基本要求》B级所规定的全部内容。
第一部分：听力理解(ListeningComprehensive)
测试考生理解所听问题并做出恰当回答的能力、理解简短对话的能力和听写词语的能力。听力材料的语速为每分钟100词。
听力材料以日常交际和简单的业务交际内容为主。词汇限于《基本要求》的“词汇表”中B级2，500词的范围，交际内容涉及《基本要求》中的“交际范围表”所列的B级挺立的范围。
本部分的得分占总分的15%。测试时间为15分钟。[2]
第二部分：词汇用法和语法结构(VocabularyandStructure)
测试考生运用词语和语法知识的能力。测试范围限于《基本要求》中的“词汇表”B级(2500词)和“语法结构表”所规定的全部内容。
本部分的得分占总分的15%。测试时间为15分钟。
第三部分：阅读理解(ReadingComprehension)
测试考生从书面文字材料获取信息的能力。总阅读量约800词。
本部分测试的文字材料以一般性阅读材料(科普、文化、社会、常识、经贸、人物等)为主，也包括简单的应用性文字，不包括诗歌、小说、散文等文学性材料，其内容能为各专业学生所理解。
阅读材料涉及的语言技能和词汇限于《基本要求》中的“阅读技能表”中与B级要求相应的技能范围和“词汇表”B级中2，500词的范围;阅读材料涉及的应用性内容限于《基本要求》中“交际范围表”B级所规定的读译范围，如：便条、通知、简短信函、简明广告、简明说明书、简明规范等。
主要测试以下阅读技能：
1、了解语篇和段落的主旨和大意。
2、掌握语篇中的事实和主要情节。
3、理解语篇上下文的逻辑关系。
4、了解作者的目的、态度和观点。
5、根据上下文正确理解生词的意思。
6、了解语篇的结论。
7、进行信息转换。
本部分的得分占总分的35%。测试时间是40分钟。
第四部分：翻译------英译汉(Translation---EnglishtoChinese)
测试考生将英语正确译成汉语的能力。所译材料为句子和段落，包括一般性内容(约占60%)和实用性内容(各约占40%);所涉及的词汇限于《基本要求》的“词汇表”中B级(2，500词)的范围。
本部分的得分占总分的20%。测试时间为25分钟。
第五部分：写作/汉译英(Writing/Translation----ChinesetoEnglish)
测试考生套写应用性短文、填写英文表格或翻译简短的实用性文字的能力。
本部分的得分占总分的15%。测试时间为25分钟。[3]
大学英语b级测试题目
序号 测试项目 题号 测试内容 题型 百分比 时间分配
Ⅰ 听力理解 1-15 问话,对话,听写 多项选择,填空 15% 15分钟
Ⅱ 语法结构 16-35 词汇用法,句法结构,词形变化 多项选择,填空 15% 15分钟
Ⅲ 阅读理解 36-60 语篇,包括简单的一般性和应用性文字 多项选择,填空,简答,匹配 35% 40分钟
Ⅳ 英译汉 61-65 句子和段落 多项选择,段落翻译 20% 25分钟
Ⅴ 写作/汉译英 应用性文字(便条,通知,简短信函,简历表,申请书等) 套写,书写,或翻译 15% 25分钟
合计 65+1 100% 120分钟
大学英语b统考题库篇(二):2017年6月大学英语六级考试模拟试题
勇士搏出惊涛骇流而不沉沦，懦夫在风平浪静也会溺水。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年6月大学英语六级考试模拟试题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A. They were all good at cooking.
B. They were particular about food.
C. They were proud of their cuisine.
D. They were fond of bacon and eggs.
2. A. His parents.
B. His friends.
C. His schoolmates.
D. His parents" friends.
3. A. No tea was served with the meal.
B. It was the real English breakfast.
C. No one of the group ate it.
D. It was a little overcooked.
4. A. It was full of excitement.
B. It was really extraordinary.
C. It was a risky experience.
D. It was rather disappointing.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A. The woman"s relationship with other shops.
B. The business success of the woman"s shop.
C. The key to running a shop at a low cost.
D. The woman"s earnings over the years.
6. A. Improve its customer service.
B. Expand its business scale.
C. Keep down its expenses.
D. Upgrade the goods it sells.
7. A. They are sold at lower prices than in other shops.
B. They are very-popular with the local residents.
C. They are delivered free of charge.
D. They are in great demand.
8. A. To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers.
B. To attract more customers in the neighborhood.
C. To avoid being put out of business in competition.
D. To maintain friendly relationships with other shops.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A. They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.
B. They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.
C. They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.
D. They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.
10. A. They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.
B. They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.
C. They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.
D. They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers.
11. A. They were carried by the wind.
B. They had become more poisonous.
C. They were less than on the continent.
D. They poisoned some of the fulmars.
12. A. The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds,
B. The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.
C. The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.
D. The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A. It has decreased.
B. It has been exaggerated.
C. It has become better understood.
D. It has remained basically the same.
14. A. It develops more easily in centenarians not actively engaged.
B. It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians.
C. It has had no effective cure so far.
D. It calls for more intensive research.
15. A. They care more about their physical health.
B. Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly.
C. Their minds fall before their bodies do.
D. They cherish their life more than ever.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A. They are focused more on attraction than love.
B. They were done by his former colleague at Yale.
C. They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.
D. They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.
17. A. The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.
B. Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.
C. It is not love if you don"t wish to maintain the relationship.
D. Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.
18. A. Which of them is considered most important.
B. Whether it is true love without commitment.
C. When the absence of any one doesn"t affect the relationship.
D. How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A. Social work as a profession.
B. The history of social work.
C. Academic degrees required of social work applicants.
D. The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.
20. A. They try to change people"s social behavior.
B. They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.
C. They raise people"s awareness of the environment.
D. They create a lot of opportunities for the unemployed.
21. A. They have all received strict clinical training.
B. They all have an academic degree in social work.
C. They are all members of the National Association.
D. They have all made a difference through their work.
22. A. The promotion of social workers" social status.
B. The importance of training for social workers.
C. Ways for social workers to meet people"s needs.
D. Social workers" job options and responsibilities.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A. To fight childhood obesity.
B. To help disadvantaged kids.
C. To encourage kids to play more sports.
D. To urge kids to follow their role models.
24. A. They best boost product sales when put online.
B. They are most effective when appearing on TV.
C. They are becoming more and more prevalent.
D. They impress kids more than they do adults.
25. A. Always place kids" interest first.
B. Do what they advocate in public.
C. Message positive behaviors at all times.
D. Pay attention to their image before children.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The tree people in the Lord of the Rings--the Ents--can get around by walking. But for real trees, it"s harder to uproot. Because they"re literally rooted into the ground, they are unable to leave and go 26 .
When a tree first starts growing in a certain area, it"s likely that the 27 envelope—the temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns and so on--suits it. Otherwise, it would be unable to grow from a seedling. But as it 28, these conditions may change and the area around it may no longer be suitable for its 29 .
When that happens, many trees like walnuts, oaks and pines, rely 30 on so-called "scatter hoarders," such as birds, to move their seeds to new localities. Many birds like to store food for the winter, which they 31 retrieve.when the birds forget to retrieve their food--and they do sometimes--a seedling has a chance to grow. The bird Clark"s nutcracker, for example, hides up to 100,000 seeds per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic (共生的) relationship with several pine species, most 32 the whitebark pine.
As trees outgrow their ideal 33 in the face of climate change, these flying ecosystem engineers could be a big help in 34 trees. It"s a solution for us--getting birds to do the work is cheap and effective--and it could give 35 oaks and pines the option to truly "make like a tree and leave. "
A. ages
B. breathing
C. climatic
D. elsewhere
E. exclusively
F. forever
G. fruitful
H. habitats
I. legacy
J. notably
K. offspring
L. replanting
M. subsequently
N. vulnerable
O. withdraws
Section B
Directions : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The American Workplace Is Broken. Here"s How We Can Start Fixing It.
[A] Americans are working longer and harder hours than ever before.83% of workers say they"re stressed about their jobs, nearly 50% say work-related stress is interfering with their sleep, and 60% use their smartphones to check in with work outside of normal working hours. No wonder only 13% of employees worldwide feel engaged in their occupation.
[B] Glimmers (少许) of hope, however, are beginning to emerge in this bruising environment: Americans are becoming aware of the toll their jobs take on them, and employers are exploring ways to alleviate the harmful effects of stress and overwork. Yet much more work remains to be done. To call stress an epidemic isn"t exaggeration. The 83% of American employees who are stressed about their jobs--up from 73% just a year before--say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress. And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you"re right. Stress levels increased 18% for women and 24% for men from 1983 to 2009. Stress is also starting earlier in life, with some data suggesting that today"s teens are even more stressed than adults.
[C] Stress is taking a significant toll on our health, and the collective public health cost may be enormous. Occupational stress increases the risk of heart attack and diabetes, accelerates the aging process, decreases longevity, and contributes to depression and anxiety, among numerous other negative health outcomes. Overall, stress-related health problems account for up to 90% of hospital visits, many of them preventable. Your job is "literally killing you," as The Washington Post put it. It"s also hurting our relationships. Working parents say they feel stressed, tired, rushed and short on quality time with their children, friends and partners.
[D] Seven in 10 workers say they struggle to maintain work-life balance. As technology (and with it, work emails) seeps (渗入) into every aspect of our lives, work-life balance has become an almost meaningless term. Add a rapidly changing economy and an uncertain future to this 24/7 connectivity, and you"ve got a recipe for overwork, according to Phyllis Moen. "There"s rising work demand coupled with the insecurity of mergers, takeovers, downsizing and other factors," Moen said. "Part of the work-life issue has to talk about uncertainty about the future."
[E] These factors have converged to create an increasingly impossible situation with many employees overworking to the point of burnout. It"s not only unsustainable for workers, but also for the companies that employ them. Science has shown a clear correlation between high stress levels in workers and absenteeism ( 旷工 ), reduced productivity, disengagement and high tttrnover. Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.
[F] The U. S. trails far behind every wealthy nation and many developing ones that have family-friendly work policies including paid parental leave, paid sick days and breast-feeding support.according to a 2007 study. The U. S. is also the only advanced economy that does not guarantee workers paid vacation time, and it"s one of only two countries in the world that does not offer guaranteed paid maternity leave. But even when employees are given paid time off, workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it. Fulltime employees who do have paid vacation days only use half of them on average.
[G] Our modern workplaces also operate based on outdated time constraints. The practice of clocking in for an eight-hour workday is a leftover from the days of the Industrial Revolution, as reflected in the then-popular saying, "Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest."
[H] We"ve held on to this workday structure--but thanks to our digital devices, many employees never really clock out. Today, the average American spends 8.8 hours at work daily, and the majority of working professionals spend additional hours checking in with work during evenings, weekends and even vacations. The problem isn"t the technology itself, but that the technology is being used to create more flexibility for the employer rather than the employee. In a competitive work environment, employers are able to use technology to demand more from their employees rather than motivating workers with flexibility that benefits them.
[I] In a study published last year, psychologists coined the term "workplace telepressure" to describe an employee"s urge to immediately respond to emails and engage in obsessive thoughts about returning an email to one"s boss, colleagues or clients. The researchers found that telepressure is a major cause of stress at work, which over time contributes to physical and mental burnout. Of the 300 employees participating in the study, those who experienced high levels of telepressure were more likely to agree with statements assessing burnout, like "I"ve no energy for going to work in the morning," and to report feeling fatigued and unfocused. Telepressure was also correlated with sleeping poorly and missing work.
[J] Harvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow explains that when people feel the pressure to be always "on," they fmd ways to accommodate that pressure, including altering their schedules, work habits and interactions with family and friends. Perlow calls this vicious cycle the "cycle of responsiveness" : Once bosses and colleagues experience an employee"s increased responsiveness, they increase their demands on the employee"s time. And because a failure to accept these increased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one"s work, the employee complies.
[K] To address skyrocketing employee stress levels, many companies have implemented workplace wellness programs, partnering with health care providers that have created programs to promote employee health and well-being. Some research does suggest that these programs hold promise. A study of employees at health insurance provider Aetna revealed that roughly one quarter of those taking in-office yoga and mindfulness classes reported a 28% reduction in their stress levels and a 20% improvement in sleep quality. These less-stressed workers gained an average of 62 minutes per week of productivity. While yoga and meditation (静思) are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels, these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement. The conditions creating the stress are long hours, unrealistic demands and deadlines, and work-life conflict.
[L] Moen and her colleagues may have found the solution. In a 2011 study, she investigated the effects of implementing a Results Only Work Environment (ROWE. on the productivity and well-being of employees at Best Buy"s corporate headquarters.
[M] For the study,325 employees spent six months taking part in ROWE, while a control group of 334 employees continued with their normal workflow. The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked--the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done. The results were striking. After six months, the employees who participated in ROWE reported reduced work-family conflict and a better sense of control of their time, and they were getting a full hour of extra sleep each night. The employees were less likely to leave their jobs, resulting in reduced turnover. It"s important to note that the increased flexibility didn"t encourage them to work around the clock. "They didn"t work anywhere and all the time--they were better able to manage their work," Moen said. "Flexibility and control is key," she continued.
36. Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork, deterring them from taking paid time off.
37. The overwhelming majority of employees attribute their stress mainly to low pay and an excessive workload.
38. According to Moen, flexibility gives employees better control over their work and time.
39. Flexibility resulting from the use of digital devices benefits employers instead of employees.
40. Research finds that if employees suffer from high stress, they will be less motivated, less productive and more likely to quit.
41. In-office wellness programs may help reduce stress levels, but they are hardly an ultimate solution to the problem.
42. Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.
43. If employees respond quickly to their job assignments, the employer is likely to demand more from them.
44. With technology everywhere in our life, it has become virtually impossible for most workers to keep a balance between work and life.
45. In America today, even teenagers suffer from stress, and their problem is even more serious than grown-ups".
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world"s energy future. It"s a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn"t alone in trumpeting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.
Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world.Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar propels.
The ubiquitous (无所不在的) battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next.Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.
The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.
Today, energy storage is a $ 33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the decade, it"s expected to be worth over $ 50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long Viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.
Today"s battery breakthroughs come as the. world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet.Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question: how to make power portable.
To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become "prosumers," who produce and consume their own energy onsite?
No one knows which--if any--battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.
46. What does Dr. Sadoway think of energy storage?
A. It involves the application of sophisticated technology.
B. It is the direction energy development should follow.
C. It will prove to be a profitable business.
D. It is a technology benefiting everyone.
47. What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widely used?
A. Mobile-first lifestyles will become popular.
B. The globalization process will be accelerated.
C. Communications will take more diverse forms.
D. The world will undergo revolutionary changes.
48. In some rural communities of emerging economies, people have begun to ___________.
A. find digital devices simply indispensable
B. communicate primarily by mobile phone
C. light their homes with stored solar energy
D. distribute power with wires and wooden poles
49. Utility companies have begun to realize that battery technologies ___________.
A. benefit their business
B. transmit power faster
C. promote innovation
D. encourage competition
50. What does the author imply about the centralized electric grid?
A. It might become a thing of the past.
B. It might turn out to be a "prosumer".
C. It will be easier to operate and maintain.
D. It will have to be completely transformed.
更多英语六级考试模拟相关试题推荐：
1.2017年大学英语翻译模拟预测题
2.2017年英语六级阅读考试模拟练习题
3.2017年6月英语CET-6阅读模拟试题
4.英语六级阅读模拟习题2017
5.2017年6月英语六级翻译题模拟训练
6.2017年英语六级阅读材料模拟题
7.2017年英语六级模拟试题阅读理解考试练习
8.英语六级阅读模拟练习题2017
9.2017年6月英语六级翻译考试模拟测试题
10.英语六级阅读理解模拟复习试题2017
大学英语b统考题库篇(三):2015年6月大学英语四级考试试题及答案（五）
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
47、根据材料，回答47-56问题。
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a para"graph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Green Growth
A. The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What willhappen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographers(人口统计学家) expect, and a growing proportion of these people can"afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity?
B .Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Western-centfic approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled (富有的) NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable.
C. A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) identifies 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies (which the study calls "the new sustainability champions") are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West.
D. The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitationsof resources, labor and infrastructure) into opportunities. Thus, India"s Shree Cement, which has tong suffered from water shortages, developed the world"s most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage and illegal tapping, from 63% in 1997 to 12% in 2010 by making water affordable for the poor.
Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese aquaculture (水产养殖) company, recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops.
E.Setting green goals is a common practice. Sekem, an Egyptian food producer, set itself the task of reclaiming ( 开垦) desert land through organic farming. Florida Ice & Farm, a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adopted strict standards for the amount of water it can consume in producing drinks.
F.These firms measure themselves by their greenery, too. Florida Ice & Farm, for example, links 60% of its boss"s pay to the triple bottom line of "people, planet and profit". The sustainability champions also encourage their workers to come up with green ideas. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company, gives bonuses to staff who find ways to reduce the firm"s impact on the environment. Masisa, a Chilean forestry company, invites employees to "imagine unimaginable businesses" aimed at poorer consumers. Woolworths, a South African retailer, claims that many of its best green ideas have come from staff, not bosses.
G.In emerging markets it is hard for companies to stick to one specialism, because they have to worry about so many wider problems, from humble infrastructure to unreliable supply chains. So the sustainability champions seek to shape the business environment in which they operate. They lobby (游说) regulators: Grupo Balbo, a Brazilian organic-sugar producer, is working with the Brazilian government to establish a certification system for organic products. They form partnerships with governments and NGOs. Kenya"s Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The International Fund for Agricultural Development to reduce its risks when lending to smallholders. Natura has worked with its suppliers to produce sustainable packaging, including a new "green" plastic derived from sugar cane.
H. The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term profits to create future markets. Masisa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low-income furniture buyers. Broad Group has developed a miniature device for measuring air pollution that can fit into mobile phones. Jain Irrigation, an Indian maker of irrigation systems, uses dance and song to explain the benefits of drip irrigation to farmers who can"t read. Suntech, a Chinese solar-power company, has established a low- carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions.
Rich became green, or green became rich?
I.One could quibble (争辩)with BCG"s analysis. Phil Rosenzweig of Switzerland"s IMD business school has argued that management writers are prone to "the halo effect": they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has discovered some eternal principle of good management. The fact that some successful companies have embraced greenery does not prove that greenery makes a firm successful. Some firms, having prospered, find they can afford to splurge ( 挥霍) on greenery. Some successful firrns pursue greenery for public-relations purposes. And for every sustainable emerging champion, there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by belching ( 喷出 ) fumes into the air or pumping toxins into rivers.
J.Nonetheless, the central message of the WEF-BCG study--that some of the best emerging-world companies are combining profits with greenery--is thought-provoking. Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich-world luxury: that the poor need adequate food before they need super-clean air. Some even see greenery as a rich-world conspiracy ( 阴谋): the West grew rich by industrializing (and polluting ), but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit. The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown. Emerging-world companies can be just as green as their Western rivals. Many have found that, when natural resources are scarce and consumers are cash-strapped ( 资金短缺的 ), greenery can be a lucrative(利润丰厚的) business strategy.
An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines with power.
48、Many critics of environmentalism hold the view that greenery is a rich-world luxury because that"s not what the poor people badly want.
49、Workers of the sustainability champions are motivated to bring forward green ideas.
50、It is meaningful to study what successful companies in the emerging world are doing to achieve more sustainable growth, since most people live there.
51、It"s difficult for companies in emerging markets to keep focusing on one specific problem because they have many wider problems to worry about.
52、Although some successful firms have embraced greenery, it doesn"t mean that greenery will lead to the success of a firm.
53、It will probably be easier for companies to follow the home-grown ideas than those invented in the West.
54、It has been found that greenery can be profitable when natural resources are scarce and consumers are short of cash.
55、Sekem, which produces food in Egypt, set a goal to reclaim desert land through organic farming.
56、To create future markets, the firms also make effort to reach and educate poor consumers, often at the cost of short-term profits.
推荐内容
最新文章