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初三的英语学习是单词和语法的综合，你必须要把单词和语法一起拿下，考试的时候才能获得一个好分数。下面是百分网小编为大家整理的初三英语知识点归纳，希望对大家有用!
初三英语语法知识
一. 介词by的用法
1. 意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。
Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.
有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。
2. 意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。
Your son will be all right by supper time.
你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?
到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?
3. 表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。
4. 表示“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。
One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。
5. 表示“根据”，“按照”的意思。
What time is it by your watch?
你的表几点了?
6. 和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。
I took him by the hand.
我拉住了他的手。
7. 用于被动句中，表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。
English is spoken by many people.
英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)
二. 动名词(doing)
动名词相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
1. 作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方与北方开战了。
2. 作宾语
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?
3. 作表语
Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children.
保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。
4. 做定语
a washing machine 一台洗衣机
初三英语基础知识点
1)will/shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=won"t shall not=shan"t例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
Notice:be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I"m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
5)现在进行时表将来时
下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时
go.come.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on.
she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.
6)一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
一般将来时常见结构大比拼
1. “be going to+动词原形”结构用来表示按照主观意图打算或按计划，安排将要做的事，有“打算、就要”的意思。也常用于表示从迹象上表明将要发生的事情，多指个人主观臆断的推测。如：Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 看这些云，要下雨了。
2. “shall或will+动词原形”指对将来事物近期或远期的预见，表达个人主观意图以及征求对方意见或表示客气的邀请。在书面语中，shall多用于第一人称;在口语中，will可以用于任何人称。如：I shall/will show my photos to you next Monday. 我下周一给你看我的照片。
初三英语语法知识重点
宾语从句
1.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
(1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who, what, which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children don"t know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。
I don"t know which belongs to my father.
(2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose, what, which, how many, how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。
(3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m), what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如：
He hasn"t decided if he"ll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
(4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what, which, how many, how much, how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2.连接词
(1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
(2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don"t know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如：
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)
I don"t know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don"t know whether or not he does any washing.)
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I"m interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We"re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn"t decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don"t know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn"t decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can"t say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥ 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
(3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
英语做为一门语言学科，需要脚踏实地，坚持不懈，初中的英语学习就是一个不断积累知识点的过程，需要长期的坚持。下面是百分网小编为大家整理的初中英语知识归纳，希望对大家有用!
初中英语知识
非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
例:This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
例:There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。)
7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例: Who is to blame for starting the fire?
初中英语语法知识
宾语从句
1.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
(1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who, what, which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children don"t know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。
I don"t know which belongs to my father.
(2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose, what, which, how many, how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。
(3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m), what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如：
He hasn"t decided if he"ll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
(4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what, which, how many, how much, how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2.连接词
(1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
(2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don"t know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如：
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)
I don"t know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don"t know whether or not he does any washing.)
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I"m interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We"re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn"t decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don"t know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn"t decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can"t say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥ 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
(3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
初中英语知识重点
现在进行时
现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now，at the moment，look，listen等词连用。
The little boy is watching TV now.
这个小男孩现在正在看电视。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.
听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。
现在进行时的基本结构：
肯定式：am/is/are+doing(现在分词)
否定式：am/is/are not +doing(现在分词)
一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are + 主语 +doing(现在分词)+ 其他
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式
They’re having a meeting now.
他们现在正在开会。
They aren"t having a meeting now.
他们现在没有在开会。
Are they having a meeting now?
他们现在正在开会吗?
What are they doing now?
他们现在正在做什么?
英语单词smaller的用法是很重要的，我们有必要知道它具体的中文意思。小编为大家精心准备了英文smaller详细的中文意思，欢迎大家前来阅读。
smaller的中文意思
英 [s"mɔ:lər] 美 [s"mɔ:lər]
原级：small最高级：smallest
smaller 基本解释
更小的;小的( small的比较级 );小气的;小号的;小规模的;
smaller的单语例句
1. The failing banks are global institutions, not the smaller local lenders that went bust during the Depression.
2. Analysts said it is uncertain whether regulators will approve the move, rumored as a bid to raise funds to buy into smaller Shanghai Bank.
3. As for the rich people who really want to buy luxury items all the time, the number is understandably much smaller.
4. Many smaller stocks continued to draw active buying in response to news and speculation.
5. But smaller stocks continued to draw active buying in response to news and speculation.
6. In a global marketplace that is getting smaller by the day, choice of goods and services abounds for consumers.
7. By comparison the trade African countries do with each other is much smaller.
8. They removed smaller rubble by hand and tied ropes on big chunks of concrete, pulling them away together.
9. By lending more, the banks would make the NPL account for a smaller ratio of the gross amount.
smaller的双语例句
1. We have bigger houses and smaller families, more conveniences, but less time.
我们有更大的房屋和较小的家庭，更多的方便，但更短的时间。
2. This smaller range corresponds to the index numbers in an array.
这个小的范围对应着数组的下标。
3. The crank pin carries a smaller winged cylinder, the wing sliding through a rocking joint.
曲柄销进行较小的翼缸，永安滑动通过一个摇摆的联合。
4. One of the major suggestions is that the act of REIT must protect the smaller investors.
因此REIT的创立动机就应该是满足中小投资者的投资需求和保护他们的利益。
5. As originally constructed, Hogwarts was likely much smaller, perhaps about the size of a manor house.
随着时代的变迁和学生人数的增加，学校建筑相应地扩大了。
6. However, this method is suitable for smaller enterprises, only about 4%.
但这种方法适用企业也较少，只有约4%。