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impair

小升初作文 时间:2010-10-08

【www.jinghuajt.com--小升初作文】

impair篇一:雅思作文写作备考必备的技巧

impair_雅思作文写作备考必备的技巧


  在备考雅思作文写作部分时,我们有必要准备一些技巧来做好作文的备考工作。下文是百分网小编为大家准备了雅思作文写作备考必备的几个重要技巧,希望能对大家有所帮助!
  雅思作文写作备考诀窍:选择强调句
  ⒈用do\does\did + V可表强调
  Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace.
  ⒉adv或adj可表强调:Never \ only\ Very
  This is the very question that deserves careful analysis.
  ⒊双重否定可表强调
  Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.
  ⒋what引导的主从可表强调
  What really matters is cooperation.
  ⒌倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调)
  Littlie do people take into account the seriousness of this problem.
  ⒍比较状语从句可表强调
  Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.
  ⒎强调句型可表强调
  It is \was +被强调部份+ that \ who +原句剩余部份
  It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps.
  It is through competition that children can learn the meaning of courage.
  雅思作文备考的妙招:句式的巧用
  同学们在写图表作文的时候最常碰见的困扰之一就是觉得句型太过单一、单调。但是只要同学们按照评分标准有意识的去进行句式的变化,避免句式的重复其实一点也不是难于上青天的事情。
  避免句式重复的第一个方式就是运用英语的各种句式结构。所谓的英语的句式结构,在写作中其实只有很有限的四个:简单句,并列句,复合句和复杂句。小作文中常用的除了简单句和并列句之外,复合句是同学们需要掌握的重点。
  1.固定宾语从句
  仔细研究剑桥系列考官的范文,不难发现,小作文中常用的复合句其实就是宾语从句,定语从句和状语从句。
  e.g. 举个栗子,在《剑8》的Test 2考官范文中的第一句话:
  The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and 2001.
  还有《剑7》的Test 2范文中的最后一段:
  the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity...
  《剑7》的Test 4的最后一段:
  it is clear that...
  大家不难发现,宾语从句常用在开头,结尾或者两段过渡句的写作中。
  2.翻新定语从句
  定语从句是同学们复合句中用的最普遍的,也是最容易掌握的句式。但如果想要满足对于定语从句的出彩使用,同学们可以参考《剑9》的Test 2范文中第四段的最后一句话:
  e.g.《剑9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1990 and 2000, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
  这里考官并没有用“常规”的which引导的定语从句,而是使用了“介词+关系词”的方式,使得句子变得高大上了许多。类似的用法在《剑5》的Test 1中最后一段话也有出现。
  可以看出比较容易操作的方式是在句子后出现时间的时候,使用during which或者by which这样的结构,可以将具体图表变化的趋势写出来,或者可以直接使用关系副词中指代时间的when。
  e.g.《剑8》Test 2 This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.
  雅思写作备考方法:四大写作提分点
  Answer all parts of the question
  Task Response是四项评分标准中最容易提高的一项,考官明确说明,如果你的文章没有回答全部问题,你的TR这一项的分数不会高于5。
  Timing and Blocking
  怎样在20分钟与40分钟中完成一篇结构充实的小大作文?考官教我们做做数学题
  你可以计算一下你要分几段,每一段几句话,每句话大致多少单词,从而完成两篇150字以及250字的文章。
  A topic sentence for each paragraph
  Make sure that each paragraph has a topic sentence!!!这一点相信所有的雅思写作老师都强调过,但是我们在批改作文的时候还是发现很多宝宝忽视了这一点的重要性。这个中心句要直接明了,不要太模糊,让考官读完就是到你这段要讲什么。一个中心句加三个展开论述句,这是考官给的结构建议。
  Use synonymous and paraphrase
  高频词的同义词替换是写作词汇部分提分的重要技巧。不要重复用相同的词,同义词的使用会向考官展现你词汇运用的range。
  这里考官强调注意一下替换词的“性质”。想表达positive的词义就用positive的词去替换,反之用negative。学姐给大家举个例子,表示“影响”的词,effect多用作积极意思,而impair多用作消极层面的影响。替换influence 的时候要选对性质。
  如果你的词汇量没有那么大,那就学会掌握paraphrase的技巧,用一句话去解释你想说的词,顺便还能用个从句或者分词结构增加一下句子多样性。
  最后考官强调,想在写作中拿高分,你一定要知道考官的expectation是什么。即使是一个native speaker, 如果他对雅思考试完全不了解,他也不一定能拿到很好的分数。因此掌握雅思考试的评分标准至关重要。如果你还不了解雅思考试的评分标准,请一定要仔细看学姐发过的关于雅思评分标准解读的文章。

impair篇二:大学英语积极词汇

  词汇是一门语言的建筑材料,它几乎直接决定了一个人的语言应用水平的高低,其重要性毋庸置疑。下面是大学英语积极词汇,希望对大家有帮助。
  A
  a/an
  abandon
  ability
  able
  abound
  about
  above
  abroad
  absence
  absent
  absolute
  absorb
  abstract
  accelerate
  accept
  acceptable
  access
  accompany
  accomplish
  accord
  according to
  account
  accountable
  accumulate
  accurate
  accuse
  achieve
  acid
  acknowledge
  acquaint
  acquire
  across
  act
  action
  active
  activity
  actual
  adapt
  add
  addicted
  addition
  adequate
  adjust
  admire
  admit
  adopt
  advance
  advanced
  advantage
  advent
  adventure
  advertise
  advice
  advise
  advocate
  affair
  affect
  afflict
  afford
  afraid
  after
  afterwards
  again
  against
  age
  agenda
  aggravate
  ago
  agree
  agreement
  ahead
  aid
  aim
  alert
  alike
  alive
  all
  alleviate
  allocate
  allow
  almost
  alone
  along
  aloud
  already
  also
  alter
  alternative
  although
  altogether
  always
  amass
  ambiguous
  ambition
  ambitious
  amend
  among/amongst
  amount
  amuse
  amusement
  amusing
  analogy
  analysis
  analyze/-yse
  ancient
  and
  anger
  angle
  angry
  annoy
  annual
  another
  answer
  anticipate
  anxiety
  anxious
  apart
  apologize/-ise
  apology
  apparent
  appeal
  appear
  appetite
  applaud
  applause
  apply
  appoint
  appreciate
  appreciation
  approach
  appropriate
  approval
  approve
  approximate
  approximately
  arbitrary
  argue
  argument
  arise
  around
  arouse
  arrange
  arrest
  arrival
  article
  artificial
  as
  ashamed
  aside
  ask
  asleep
  aspect
  aspiration
  aspire
  assemble
  assess
  assign
  assist
  associate
  association
  assume
  assure
  astonish
  at
  attach
  attack
  attain
  attempt
  attend
  attention
  attitude
  attract
  attractive
  attribute
  authority
  available
  average
  avoid
  awake
  aware
  away
  awkward
  B
  back
  background
  backward
  backwards
  bad
  bake
  balance
  ban
  band
  bank
  bar
  bare
  barely
  bargain
  barrier
  base
  basic
  basis
  bath
  bathe
  battle
  be
  bear
  beat
  beautiful
  because
  become
  before
  beg
  begin
  beginning
  behalf
  behave
  behavior(u)r
  behind
  belief
  believe
  belong
  below
  bend
  beneath
  benefit
  beside
  besides
  betray
  better
  between
  beyond
  bias
  big
  bill
  bind
  bit
  bite
  bitter
  blame
  bleed
  bless
  blind
  block
  blow
  board
  boast
  boil
  bold
  bond
  book
  boom
  boost
  border
  bored
  boring
  born
  bound
  boundary
  bow
  branch
  brave
  break
  breath
  breathe
  breed
  bribe
  brief
  bright
  bring
  brink
  broad
  broadcast
  broken
  brush
  build
  bunch
  bundle
  burden
  burn
  burst
  bury
  business
  busy
  but
  by
  C
  calculate
  call
  calm
  campaign
  can
  cancel
  capable
  capacity
  capital
  care
  careful
  careless
  carry
  case
  cash
  catch
  category
  cater
  cause
  caution
  cease
  celebrate
  center/-tre
  central
  certain
  certainly
  chain
  challenge
  champion
  chance
  change
  channel
  character
  charge
  chase
  cheap
  cheat
  check/cheque
  cheer
  cheerful
  chemical
  cherish
  chief
  choice
  choose
  circle
  circular
  circumstance
  cite
  civil
  claim
  clarify
  classic
  clean
  clear
  clever
  climb
  cling
  close
  clumsy
  coarse
  coherent
  coincide
  cold
  collapse
  colleague
  collect
  collide
  combination
  combine
  come
  comfort
  comfortable
  command
  commence
  comment
  commerce
  commission
  commit
  commitment
  committee
  commodity
  common
  commonplace
  communicate
  community
  company
  compare
  comparison
  compatible
  compel
  compensate
  compete
  competent
  competition
  complain
  complaint
  complement
  complete
  complex
  complicate
  complicated
  comply
  component
  compose
  compound
  comprehensive
  comprise
  compromise
  compute
  conceal
  conceive
  concentrate
  concept
  concern
  concerning
  conclude
  conclusion
  condition
  conduct
  confer
  confess
  confidence
  confident
  confine
  confirm
  conflict
  conform
  confront
  confuse
  congratulate
  connect
  conquer
  conscience
  conscious
  consent
  consequence
  consider
  considerable
  consideration
  considering
  consist
  constant
  constitute
  construct
  consult
  consume
  contact
  contain
  contemplate
  contemporary
  contend
  content
  context
  continue
  continuous
  contract
  contradict
  contrary
  contrast
  contribute
  contribution
  control
  controversial
  controversy
  convenient
  convention
  conventional
  conversation
  converse
  convert
  convey
  convince
  cook
  cool
  cooperate
  coordinate
  copy
  corporate
  correct
  correspond
  correspondence
  corrode
  corrupt
  corruption
  cost
  cough
  could
  count
  counter
  country
  countryside
  couple
  courage
  course
  court
  cover
  crack
  crash
  crazy
  create
  creation
  creative
  creature
  credit
  creep
  crime
  cripple
  crisis
  critic
  critical
  criticism
  criticize/-ise
  cross
  crowd
  crucial
  cruel
  cruelty
  crush
  cry
  cultivate
  curb
  cure
  curiosity
  curious
  curl
  current
  curse
  cushion
  custom
  cut
  cycle
  D
  daily
  damage
  dance
  danger
  dangerous
  dare
  dark
  data
  date
  dead
  deaf
  deal
  debate
  debt
  decade
  decay
  deceit
  deceive
  decide
  decision
  declare
  decline
  decorate
  decoration
  decrease
  dedicate
  deduce
  deem
  deep
  defeat
  defend
  defense/-ence
  define
  definite
  degree
  delay
  deliberate
  deliberately
  delicate
  delicious
  delight
  deliver
  demand
  demonstrate
  denote
  deny
  depend
  dependent
  depress
  depth
  derive
  descend
  describe
  description
  desert
  deserve
  design
  desirable
  desire
  despair
  despite
  destroy
  destruction
  destructive
  detail
  detect
  determination
  determine
  develop
  development
  deviate
  device
  devote
  devotion
  differ
  difference
  different
  differentiate
  difficult
  difficulty
  dig
  dimension
  diminish
  dip
  direct
  direction
  dirty
  disabled
  disadvantage
  disagree
  disappear
  disappoint
  disappointed
  disappointing
  disaster
  disastrous
  discard
  disclose
  discount
  discourage
  discover
  discovery
  discriminate
  discuss
  discussion
  disease
  disgust
  disgusting
  disillusion
  dismiss
  displace
  display
  disposal
  dispose
  dispute
  disregard
  distance
  distant
  distinct
  distinguish
  distort
  distribute
  district
  disturb
  dive
  diverse
  divert
  divide
  division
  divorce
  do
  domain
  domestic
  dominate
  double
  doubt
  down
  download
  dozen
  drag
  drain
  draw
  drawback
  dream
  dress
  drink
  drive
  drop
  drown
  drug
  dry
  due
  dull
  dump
  duration
  during
  duty
  dwarf
  dwell
  dynamic
  E
  each
  eager
  early
  earn
  ease
  easy
  eat
  economic
  edge
  edit
  educate
  education
  effect
  effective
  efficient
  effort
  either
  elastic
  elder
  elect
  election
  electric
  electricity
  electronic
  eliminate
  else
  embark
  embarrass
  embrace
  emerge
  emergency
  emotion
  emotional
  emphasis
  emphasize/-ise
  employ
  employment
  empty
  emulate
  enable
  enclose
  encounter
  encourage
  encouragement
  end
  endeavo(u)r
  energetic
  energy
  enforce
  engage
  engineer
  enhance
  enjoy
  enjoyable
  enlist
  enormous
  enough
  enrich
  enroll(l)
  ensure
  enter
  entertain
  entertainment
  enthusiastic
  entire
  entitle
  entrance
  envelope
  environment
  envy
  equal
  equality
  equip
  equipment
  equivalent
  escape
  especially
  essence
  essential
  establish
  establishment
  estate
  estimate
  ethnic
  evade
  evaluate
  even
  eventually
  ever
  every
  everywhere
  evidence
  evident
  evil
  evolve
  exact
  exaggerate
  exam(ination)
  examine
  example
  exceed
  excel
  excellent
  except
  excess
  exchange
  excite
  exciting
  exclude
  excuse
  exercise
  exhibit
  exist
  existence
  expand
  expect
  expectation
  expense
  expensive
  experience
  expert
  explain
  explanation
  explicit
  explode
  exploit
  explore
  explosion
  explosive
  export
  expose
  exposure
  express
  expression
  extend
  extra
  extract
  extraordinary
  extreme
  F
  face
  facilitate
  fade
  failure
  faint
  fair
  fairly
  faith
  faithful
  fall
  false
  fame
  familiar
  famous
  fan
  fancy
  far
  fare
  fashion
  fashionable
  fast
  fasten
  fat
  fate
  fault
  favo(u)r
  favo(u)rable
  favo(u)rite
  fear
  feast
  feature
  federation
  feed
  feel
  feeling
  female
  fever
  few
  field
  fierce
  fight
  figure
  file
  fill
  final
  finally
  finance
  financial
  find
  fine
  finish
  finite
  fire
  fit
  fix
  flash
  flat
  flexible
  float
  flood
  flow
  fluctuate
  fly
  focus
  fold
  follow
  fond
  fool
  for
  forbid
  force
  foreign
  foresee
  forget
  forgive
  form
  formal
  former
  formulate
  forth
  forthcoming
  fortunate
  fortune
  forward
  foster
  foundation
  framework
  free
  freedom
  freeze
  frequent
  fresh
  friendly
  frighten
  from
  front
  frown
  fry
  fuel
  fulfil(l)
  full
  fun
  function
  fundamental
  funny
  furnish
  further
  furthermore
  future
  G
  gain
  gamble
  gap
  gather
  gear
  general
  generally
  generate
  generation
  generous
  gentle
  get
  give
  glad
  glass
  global
  glory
  glue
  go
  goal
  golden
  good
  goods
  govern
  grace
  graceful
  gradual
  graduate
  grand
  grant
  grasp
  grateful
  great
  greed
  greedy
  greet
  grief
  grind
  ground
  group
  grow
  growth
  guarantee
  guard
  guess
  guidance
  guide
  guideline
  guilty
  H
  Habit
  hand
  handle
  hang
  happen
  happy
  hard
  harden
  hardly
  hardship
  harm
  harmful
  harness
  harvest
  hate
  hatred
  have
  heal
  health
  healthy
  hear
  heavy
  height
  help
  helpful
  hence
  here
  hesitate
  hide
  high
  highlight
  hinder
  hint
  hire
  historical
  hit
  hobby
  hold
  hollow
  holy
  honest
  honesty
  hono(u)r
  hook
  hope
  hopeful
  hopeless
  horizon
  horizontal
  host
  hot
  how
  however
  humble
  humo(u)r
  humorous
  hunger
  hungry
  hunt
  hurry
  hurt
  I
  ice
  idea
  ideal
  identical
  identify
  idle
  if
  ignorance
  ignorant
  ignore
  ill
  illegal
  illness
  illusion
  illustrate
  image
  imaginary
  imagination
  imagine
  imitate
  immediate
  immediately
  immense
  immune
  impact
  impair
  impart
  impede
  impetus
  implement
  implicit
  imply
  importance
  important
  impose
  impossible
  impress
  impression
  impressive
  improve
  improvement
  in
  incentive
  incident
  incline
  include
  incorporate
  increase
  indeed
  independence
  independent
  index
  indicate
  indication
  indispensable
  individual
  indoor
  indoors
  induce
  industrial
  inevitable
  infect
  infection
  infectious
  infer
  influence
  influential
  inform
  information
  inherent
  inherit
  inhibit
  initial
  initiate
  initiative
  injure
  injury
  innocent
  innovation
  input
  inquire/enquire
  inquiry/enquiry
  insect
  
  inside
  insight
  insist
  inspect
  inspiration
  inspire
  instance
  instant
  instead
  instinct
  institute
  institution
  instruct
  instruction
  insult
  insurance
  insure
  integral
  integrate
  integrity
  intelligence
  intelligent
  intend
  intense
  intention
  interact
  interest
  interesting
  interfere
  intermediate
  internal
  international
  interpret
  interrupt
  interval
  intervene
  into
  intrinsic
  introduce
  introduction
  invent
  invention
  invest
  investigate
  investment
  invitation
  invite
  involve
  inward
  irrespective
  isolate
  issue
  J
  jealous
  job
  join
  joint
  joke
  journal
  joy
  judg(e)ment
  judge
  jump
  just
  justice
  justification
  justify
  K
  keen
  keep
  kick
  kill
  kind
  kindness
  kiss
  kneel
  knock
  know
  knowledge
  L
  label
  labo(u)r
  lack
  ladder
  lag
  land
  large
  last
  late
  lately
  latter
  laugh
  launch
  law
  lay
  lazy
  lead
  lean
  learn
  least
  leave
  lecture
  left
  legal
  lend
  length
  less
  lesson
  let
  level
  liberty
  lie
  life
  lift
  light
  like
  likelihood
  likely
  likewise
  limb
  limit
  link
  list
  listen
  little
  live
  load
  loan
  local
  locate
  lock
  logic
  logical
  lonely
  long
  look
  loom
  loose
  lose
  loss
  lot
  loud
  love
  low
  lower
  loyal
  loyalty
  luck
  lucky
  M
  mad
  magic
  mail
  main
  maintain
  majority
  make
  male
  manage
  manifest
  manipulate
  manner
  manual
  manufacture
  many
  march
  margin
  mark
  marriage
  married
  marry
  mass
  master
  match
  matter
  mature
  may
  maybe
  mean
  means
  meantime
  meanwhile
  measure
  mechanic
  media
  medical
  meet
  melt
  memorize/-ise
  memory
  mend
  mental
  mention
  mercy
  mere
  merry
  message
  metal
  method
  middle
  might
  migrate
  mild
  military
  mind
  minimize/-ise
  minimum
  minor
  minute
  miracle
  mirror
  miserable
  miss
  mistake
  mix
  mixture
  mode
  model
  moderate
  modern
  modernize/-se
  modest
  modify
  moment
  money
  monitor
  monthly
  mood
  moral
  more
  moreover
  most
  motion
  motivate
  mount
  move
  much
  multiply
  multitude
  murder
  must
  mutual
  mysterious
  mystery
  N
  naked
  narrow
  nasty
  national
  native
  natural
  nature
  near
  nearly
  neat
  necessary
  necessity
  need
  negative
  neglect
  neither
  nervous
  never
  nevertheless
  new
  news
  newspaper
  next
  nice
  noble
  noise
  none
  nonetheless
  nor
  norm
  normal
  note
  notice
  notion
  nowhere
  nuclear
  number
  numerous
  nurture
  O
  obedient
  obey
  object
  objection
  objective
  obligation
  observation
  observe
  obsession
  obstacle
  obtain
  obvious
  occasion
  occupy
  occur
  odd
  odds
  of
  off
  offend
  offensive
  offer
  office
  official
  offset
  often
  old
  omit
  on
  once
  only
  open
  operate
  operation
  opinion
  opponent
  opportunity
  oppose
  opposite
  option
  optional
  or
  order
  ordinary
  organ
  organize/ise
  orient
  origin
  other
  otherwise
  ought
  out
  outcome
  outdoor
  outdoors
  outlet
  outline
  output
  outstanding
  over
  overall
  overcome
  overlap
  overlook
  overseas
  overtake
  owe
  own
  P
  pace
  pack
  pain
  painful
  paint
  pair
  pale
  paper
  parallel
  paralyze/-yse
  parcel
  pardon
  park
  part
  participate
  particular
  partly
  partner
  party
  pass
  passage
  passive
  past
  paste
  patience
  patient
  patriotic
  pattern
  pause
  pay
  payment
  peace
  peaceful
  peculiar
  pendulum
  people
  per
  perceive
  percentage
  perfect
  perform
  performance
  perhaps
  period
  permanent
  permission
  permit
  persist
  persistent
  person
  personal
  personally
  perspective
  persuade
  phase
  phenomenon
  physical
  pick
  picture
  piece
  pile
  pin
  pinch
  pity
  place
  plague
  plain
  plan
  plant
  plastic
  play
  pleasant
  please
  pleased
  pleasure
  plenty
  plus
  point
  policy
  polish
  polite
  political
  ponder
  pool
  poor
  popular
  population
  portion
  pose
  position
  positive
  possess
  possession
  possibility
  possible
  possibly
  post
  postpone
  potential
  pound
  pour
  poverty
  power
  powerful
  practical
  practice
  practice/ice
  praise
  pray
  preach
  precede
  precious
  precise
  predict
  prefer
  prejudice
  preliminary
  preoccupy
  preparation
  prepare
  presence
  present
  preserve
  press
  pressure
  prestige
  presume
  pretend
  pretty
  prevail
  prevalent
  prevent
  previous
  price
  pride
  primary
  prime
  principal
  principle
  print
  prior
  priority
  private
  prize
  probable
  probably
  problem
  proceed
  process
  produce
  product
  production
  productive
  profession
  professional
  profit
  progress
  prohibit
  project
  promise
  promising
  promote
  prompt
  prone
  pronounce
  proof
  proper
  property
  proportion
  proposal
  propose
  prospect
  protect
  protection
  protective
  protest
  proud
  prove
  provide
  provision
  public
  publication
  publicity
  publish
  pull
  pump
  punctual
  punish
  punishment
  purchase
  pure
  purpose
  pursue
  push
  put
  puzzle
  Q
  qualify
  quality
  quantity
  quarrel
  question
  quick
  quiet
  quit
  quite
  quote
  R
  radical
  raise
  random
  range
  rank
  rapid
  rare
  rarely
  rate
  rather
  ratio
  raw
  reach
  react
  read
  ready
  real
  realize/ise
  really
  reason
  reasonable
  recall
  receipt
  receive
  recent
  recently
  recognition
  recognize/ise
  recommend
  reconcile
  record
  recover
  recruit
  reduce
  reduction
  refer
  refine
  reflect
  reform
  refrain
  refresh
  refuge
  refusal
  refuse
  regard
  regarding
  region
  register
  regret
  regular
  regulate
  regulation
  reinforce
  reject
  rejoice
  relate
  related
  relation
  relationship
  relative
  relax
  release
  relevant
  relief
  relieve
  religion
  religious
  reluctant
  rely
  remain
  remark
  remarkable
  remedy
  remember
  remind
  remove
  render
  rent
  repair
  repeat
  replace
  reply
  report
  represent
  representative
  reproduce
  reputation
  request
  require
  rescue
  research
  resemblance
  resemble
  resent
  reserve
  resign
  resist
  resistance
  resolve
  resource
  respect
  respond
  response
  responsibility
  responsible
  rest
  restore
  restrain
  restrict
  result
  retain
  retire
  return
  reveal
  reverse
  review
  revise
  revolution
  reward
  rich
  rid
  ride
  right
  rigid
  ring
  ripe
  rise
  risk
  rival
  roar
  roast
  rob
  role
  roll
  root
  rot
  rough
  round
  route
  row
  royal
  rub
  rubbish
  rude
  ruin
  rule
  run
  rush
  S
  sacrifice
  sad
  safe
  safeguard
  safety
  sail
  sake
  sale
  same
  sample
  satisfaction
  satisfactory
  satisfied
  satisfy
  save
  say
  saying
  scale
  scarce
  scatter
  scene
  scenery
  scent
  schedule
  scientific
  scold
  scope
  scorn
  scrape
  scratch
  scream
  screen
  search
  second
  secret
  section
  sector
  secure
  seek
  seem
  seize
  seldom
  select
  selfish
  sell
  send
  sensation
  sense
  sensible
  sensitive
  sentence
  separate
  sequence
  series
  serious
  serve
  service
  set
  settle
  seventy
  several
  severe
  sex
  sexual
  shade
  shadow
  shake
  shallow
  shame
  shape
  share
  sharp
  shave
  shield
  shift
  shine
  shock
  shoot
  short
  shortage
  shot
  should
  shout
  show
  shower
  shrink
  shut
  shy
  sick
  sideways
  sight
  sign
  signal
  significance
  significant
  silence
  silent
  silly
  similar
  simple
  simulate
  since
  sincere
  sing
  single
  singular
  sink
  sit
  situation
  size
  skil(l)ful
  skill
  sleep
  slide
  slight
  slip
  slippery
  slow
  small
  smart
  smell
  smile
  smoke
  smooth
  so
  soar
  social
  society
  soft
  sole
  solid
  solution
  solve
  some
  somehow
  sometimes
  somewhat
  somewhere
  soon
  sorrow
  sorry
  sort
  sound
  sour
  source
  sow
  space
  spare
  spark
  speak
  special
  specialist
  specific
  specify
  speed
  spell
  spend
  spill
  spin
  spirit
  spit
  spite
  splendid
  split
  spoil
  sport
  spot
  spread
  spring
  square
  stabilize/-ise
  stable
  staff
  stage
  stain
  stamp
  stand
  standard
  start
  state
  statement
  statistic
  status
  stay
  steady
  steal
  steep
  steer
  stem
  step
  stick
  sticky
  stiff
  still
  stimulate
  sting
  stir
  stitch
  stock
  stocking
  stop
  story
  straight
  straightforward
  strange
  strap
  strategic
  strategy
  strength
  strengthen
  stress
  stretch
  strict
  strike
  striking
  string
  strip
  stripe
  stroke
  strong
  structure
  struggle
  stubborn
  study
  stuff
  stupid
  style
  subject
  submit
  subordinate
  subsequent
  subsidy
  substitute
  subtract
  succeed
  success
  successful
  successive
  such
  suck
  sudden
  suddendly
  suffer
  sufficient
  suggest
  suggestion
  suit
  suitable
  sum
  summarize/-ise
  supplement
  supply
  support
  suppose
  sure
  surface
  surround
  surrounding
  survey
  survive
  suspect
  suspend
  suspicious
  sustain
  swallow
  swear
  sweep
  sweet
  swell
  swim
  swing
  switch
  sympathetic
  sympathize/-ise
  sympathy
  system
  T
  table
  tackle
  tailor
  take
  talk
  tall
  tame
  tap
  target
  taste
  teach
  tear
  technical
  technology
  tell
  temporary
  tempt
  tend
  tendency
  tender
  tense
  terminate
  terrible
  terror
  test
  than
  thank
  the
  then
  theory
  there
  thereby
  therefore
  thick
  thin
  thing
  think
  thirst
  thirsty
  thorough
  though
  thought
  thread
  threat
  threaten
  thrive
  through
  throw
  thus
  tidy
  tie
  tight
  till
  time
  tip
  tire
  tired
  to
  together
  too
  top
  total
  touch
  tough
  toward
  towards
  trace
  trade
  tradition
  traditional
  traffic
  transcend
  transfer
  transform
  transit
  translate
  translation
  transmit
  transparent
  transport
  travel
  treasure
  treat
  treatment
  tremble
  trend
  trial
  trick
  trigger
  trouble
  trust
  truth
  try
  tune
  turn
  tutor
  twist
  type
  typical
  U
  ugly
  ultimate
  uncertain
  unconscious
  uncover
  under
  undergo
  underlie
  undermine
  understand
  undertake
  undo
  unfair
  uniform
  unify
  union
  unique
  unite
  universal
  unless
  until
  unusual
  up
  upgrade
  upon
  upright
  upset
  upward
  urge
  urgent
  use
  useful
  useless
  usher
  usual
  usually
  utilize/-ise
  V
  vain
  valid
  valuable
  value
  variety
  various
  vary
  vehicle
  veil
  verse
  version
  vertical
  very
  vessel
  via
  victory
  view
  viewpoint
  violate
  violence
  violent
  virtual
  virtue
  visible
  vision
  visit
  visualize/-ise
  vital
  volume
  volunteer
  vote
  voyage
  W
  wage
  wait
  wake
  wander
  want
  warm
  warmth
  warn
  wash
  waste
  watch
  water
  wave
  weak
  weaken
  wealth
  wear
  weave
  weekly
  weigh
  welcome
  welfare
  well
  wet
  what
  whatever
  when
  whenever
  where
  whereas
  whereby
  whether
  which
  whichever
  while/whilst
  whip
  whisper
  whistle
  who
  whoever
  whole
  why
  wicked
  wide
  widespread
  width
  wild
  will
  win
  wind
  wipe
  wisdom
  wise
  wish
  with
  within
  without
  witness
  wonder
  work
  worried
  worry
  worship
  worth
  worthwhile
  would
  wrap
  write
  wrong
  Y
  yearly
  yet
  yield
  young
  根据教育部高等教育司《大学英语课程教学要求》一书的规定:“大学英语积极词汇”即要求学生能够在认知的基础上在口头和书面表达两方面熟练运用的词汇,在一般要求(四级)阶段约为2000词,较高要求(六级)阶段约为2200词,更高要求(六级后)阶段约为2300词(实为2337词)。
  重申一下,这些词不光对四六级有用,对考研、考博甚至英语专业考试都是有用的。对这些词,不光要知道意思,还要知道其准确的读音、拼写、词性、词性变化、意义和用法。应该制定一个计划,每天搞定多少个,一方面可以按字母表的顺序搞,另一方面在复习其他题型时遇到这些词可以特别留意,记住其搭配或例句。

impair篇三:治疗老年痴呆症的小偏方

impair_治疗老年痴呆症的小偏方


  老年痴呆是老人中比较常见的一种病,我们可以通过什么小偏方来给老人治疗改善呢?为此百分网小编给大家带来治疗老年痴呆症的民间小偏方。
  治疗老年痴呆症民间偏方
  1、花生米45克,粳米60克,冰糖适量。同入砂锅内,加水煮至米烂汤稠为度。每晨空腹温热食之。花生米中的卵磷脂是神经系统所需要的重要物质,能延缓脑功能衰退。
  2、大蒜1头,捣烂;炒芝麻180克,蜂蜜180毫升。与蒜泥混合,置冷暗处1个月以上。每次半茶匙,用90毫升热水冲服,每日1次,最多不能超过2次。可增进记忆力。
  3、熟地、淮山药、山萸肉、生地各15克,党参、黄芪、茯苓、酸枣仁、泽泻各12克,龙骨(先煎)、龟板(先煎)各18克,五味子、石菖蒲各9克,远志6克。水煎分3次服,隔天服1剂,连服15剂。
  4、远志根(阴干、切细)11克。用500毫升水煎至350毫升。内服,每日1剂。主治健忘。
  5、芍药40克,川芎、泽泻各34克,茯苓、白术各22克,当归20克。将上药研成粉,每服10克,早晚各1次,温开水送下。本方对单纯痴呆型患者疗效最佳。
  6、远志、石菖蒲各3克,干蝮蛇肉1克。共研末,浓煎。每日1剂。可有效增进记忆力。
  7、松针适量,水煎代茶饮。主治健忘。
  8、羊脑1个,蒸熟后调味食用。有益肾健脑的功效。
  9、桂圆10个,红枣10个。放适量水煎服,每晚睡前服。适用于老年性痴呆患者夜间失眠、易惊、烦躁不宁。
  治疗老年痴呆的原则
  1、营造良好环境是老年痴呆的家庭治疗之一,老同志退休后对改变的环境一时难以适应,过度留恋过去的生活和同事朋友,会损伤大脑细胞。
  2、调整心理因素也是老年痴呆的家庭治疗,老同志退休后对改变的环境一时难以适应,过度留恋过去的生活和同事朋友,会损伤大脑细胞。老年痴呆的预防方法之一是,老人自己要调节好内环境,认识到年老退休是事物发展的规律,稳定情绪,保持良好心态。同时,要适时融入现在的外环境,敞开心扉,多与人交流。另外,家庭成员也要设法营造良好的氛围,以帮助老人尽快适应角色转换。
  3、适度自我加压,适度的压力对活跃大脑有促进作用。关心时事,看书读报,或给自己定点儿力所能及的目标,总之动脑有益。
  4、坚持适度锻炼,体育锻炼既可强身健体、也可锻炼小脑的共济能力。经常活动四肢,身体各部位才能协调好,也就不容易出现认知功能衰退和运动失调,同时对记忆也有明显的帮助,推迟大脑的老化。这也是老年痴呆的家庭治疗。
  5、不要让患者自己单独但在家里,在家可以放些让人轻松心情的音乐,这对病人也是有帮助的,都和患者说说话。
  老年痴呆症的症状
  1.患者起病隐袭,精神改变隐匿,早期不易被家人觉察,不清楚发病的确切日期,偶遇热性疾病,感染,手术,轻度头部外伤或服药患者,因出现异常精神错乱而引起注意,也有的患者可主诉头晕,难于表述的头痛,多变的躯体症状或自主神经症状等。
  2.逐渐发生的记忆障碍(memory impairment)或遗忘是AD的重要特征或首发症状。
  (1)近记忆障碍明显:患者不能记忆当天发生的日常琐事,记不得刚做过的事或讲过的话,忘记少用的名词,约会或贵重物件放于何处,易忘记不常用的名字,常重复发问,以前熟悉的名字易搞混,词汇减少,远事记忆可相对保留,早年不常用的词也会失去记忆,Albert等检查病人记忆重要政治事件日期和识别过去及当前重要人物的照片,发现记忆丧失在某种程度上包括整个生命期。
  (2)Korsakoff遗忘状态:表现为近事遗忘,对1~2min前讲过的事情可完全不能记忆,易遗忘近期接触过的人名,地点和数字,为填补记忆空白,病人常无意地编造情节或远事近移,出现错构和虚构,学习和记忆新知识困难,需数周或数月重复,才能记住自己的床位和医生或护士的姓名,检查时重复一系列数字或词,即时记忆常可保持,短时和长时记忆不完整,但仍可进行某些长时间建立的模式。
  3.认知障碍(cognitive impairment) 是AD的特征性表现,随病情进展逐渐表现明显。
  (1)语言功能障碍:特点是命名不能和听与理解障碍的流利性失语,口语由于找词困难而渐渐停顿,使语言或书写中断或表现为口语空洞,缺乏实质词,冗赘而喋喋不休;如果找不到所需的词汇,则采用迂回说法或留下未完成的句子,如同命名障碍;早期复述无困难,后期困难;早期保持语言理解力,渐渐显出不理解和不能执行较复杂的指令,口语量减少,出现错语症,交谈能力减退,阅读理解受损,朗读可相对保留,最后出现完全性失语,检查方法是让受检者在1min内说出尽可能多的蔬菜,车辆,工具和衣服名称,AD患者常少于50个。
  (2)视空间功能受损:可早期出现,表现为严重定向力障碍,在熟悉的环境中迷路或不认家门,不会看街路地图,不能区别左,右或泊车;在房间里找不到自己的床,辨别不清上衣和裤子以及衣服的上下和内外,穿外套时手伸不进袖子,铺台布时不能把台布的角与桌子角对应;不能描述一地与另一地的方向关系,不能独自去以前常去的熟悉场所;后期连最简单的几何图形也不能描画,不会使用常用物品或工具如筷子,汤匙等,仍可保留肌力与运动协调,系由于顶-枕叶功能障碍导致躯体与周围环境空间关系障碍,以及一侧视路内的刺激忽略。
  (3)失认及失用:可出现视失认和面容失认,不能认识亲人和熟人的面孔,也可出现自我认识受损,产生镜子征,患者对着镜子里自己的影子说话,可出现意向性失用,每天晨起仍可自行刷牙,但不能按指令做刷牙动作;以及观念性失用,不能正确地完成连续复杂的运用动作,如叼纸烟,划火柴和点烟等。
  (4)计算力障碍:常弄错物品的价格,算错账或付错钱,不能平衡银行账户,最后连最简单的计算也不能完成。
  4.精神障碍
  (1)抑郁心境,情感淡漠,焦虑不安,兴奋,欣快和失控等,主动性减少,注意力涣散,白天自言自语或大声说话,害怕单独留在家中,少数病人出现不适当或频繁发笑。
  (2)部分病人出现思维和行为障碍等,如幻觉,错觉,片段妄想,虚构,古怪行为,攻击倾向及个性改变等,如怀疑自己年老虚弱的配偶有外遇,怀疑子女偷自己的钱物或物品,把不值钱的东西当作财宝藏匿,认为家人作密探而产生敌意,不合情理地改变意愿,持续忧虑,紧张和激惹,拒绝老朋友来访,言行失控,冒失的风险投资或色情行为等。
  (3)贪食行为,或常忽略进食,多数病人失眠或夜间谵妄。
  5.检查可见早期患者仍保持通常仪表,遗忘,失语等症状较轻时患者活动,行为及社会交往无明显异常;严重时表现为不安,易激惹或少动,不注意衣着,不修边幅,个人卫生不佳;后期仍保留习惯性自主活动,但不能执行指令动作,通常无锥体束征和感觉障碍,步态正常,视力,视野相对完整,如病程中出现偏瘫或同向偏盲,应注意是否合并脑卒中,肿瘤或硬膜下血肿等,疾病晚期可见四肢僵直,锥体束征,小步态,平衡障碍及尿便失禁等,约5%的患者出现癫痫发作和帕金森综合征,伴帕金森综合征的患者往往不能站立和行走,整天卧床,生活完全依靠护理。

本文来源:http://www.jinghuajt.com/xiaoxuezuowen/34258/

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