欢迎来到精华作文网!
【www.jinghuajt.com--小升初作文】
在备考雅思作文写作部分时,我们有必要准备一些技巧来做好作文的备考工作。下文是百分网小编为大家准备了雅思作文写作备考必备的几个重要技巧,希望能对大家有所帮助!
雅思作文写作备考诀窍:选择强调句
⒈用do\does\did + V可表强调
Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace.
⒉adv或adj可表强调:Never \ only\ Very
This is the very question that deserves careful analysis.
⒊双重否定可表强调
Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.
⒋what引导的主从可表强调
What really matters is cooperation.
⒌倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调)
Littlie do people take into account the seriousness of this problem.
⒍比较状语从句可表强调
Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.
⒎强调句型可表强调
It is \was +被强调部份+ that \ who +原句剩余部份
It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps.
It is through competition that children can learn the meaning of courage.
雅思作文备考的妙招:句式的巧用
同学们在写图表作文的时候最常碰见的困扰之一就是觉得句型太过单一、单调。但是只要同学们按照评分标准有意识的去进行句式的变化,避免句式的重复其实一点也不是难于上青天的事情。
避免句式重复的第一个方式就是运用英语的各种句式结构。所谓的英语的句式结构,在写作中其实只有很有限的四个:简单句,并列句,复合句和复杂句。小作文中常用的除了简单句和并列句之外,复合句是同学们需要掌握的重点。
1.固定宾语从句
仔细研究剑桥系列考官的范文,不难发现,小作文中常用的复合句其实就是宾语从句,定语从句和状语从句。
e.g. 举个栗子,在《剑8》的Test 2考官范文中的第一句话:
The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and 2001.
还有《剑7》的Test 2范文中的最后一段:
the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity...
《剑7》的Test 4的最后一段:
it is clear that...
大家不难发现,宾语从句常用在开头,结尾或者两段过渡句的写作中。
2.翻新定语从句
定语从句是同学们复合句中用的最普遍的,也是最容易掌握的句式。但如果想要满足对于定语从句的出彩使用,同学们可以参考《剑9》的Test 2范文中第四段的最后一句话:
e.g.《剑9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1990 and 2000, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
这里考官并没有用“常规”的which引导的定语从句,而是使用了“介词+关系词”的方式,使得句子变得高大上了许多。类似的用法在《剑5》的Test 1中最后一段话也有出现。
可以看出比较容易操作的方式是在句子后出现时间的时候,使用during which或者by which这样的结构,可以将具体图表变化的趋势写出来,或者可以直接使用关系副词中指代时间的when。
e.g.《剑8》Test 2 This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.
雅思写作备考方法:四大写作提分点
Answer all parts of the question
Task Response是四项评分标准中最容易提高的一项,考官明确说明,如果你的文章没有回答全部问题,你的TR这一项的分数不会高于5。
Timing and Blocking
怎样在20分钟与40分钟中完成一篇结构充实的小大作文?考官教我们做做数学题
你可以计算一下你要分几段,每一段几句话,每句话大致多少单词,从而完成两篇150字以及250字的文章。
A topic sentence for each paragraph
Make sure that each paragraph has a topic sentence!!!这一点相信所有的雅思写作老师都强调过,但是我们在批改作文的时候还是发现很多宝宝忽视了这一点的重要性。这个中心句要直接明了,不要太模糊,让考官读完就是到你这段要讲什么。一个中心句加三个展开论述句,这是考官给的结构建议。
Use synonymous and paraphrase
高频词的同义词替换是写作词汇部分提分的重要技巧。不要重复用相同的词,同义词的使用会向考官展现你词汇运用的range。
这里考官强调注意一下替换词的“性质”。想表达positive的词义就用positive的词去替换,反之用negative。学姐给大家举个例子,表示“影响”的词,effect多用作积极意思,而impair多用作消极层面的影响。替换influence 的时候要选对性质。
如果你的词汇量没有那么大,那就学会掌握paraphrase的技巧,用一句话去解释你想说的词,顺便还能用个从句或者分词结构增加一下句子多样性。
最后考官强调,想在写作中拿高分,你一定要知道考官的expectation是什么。即使是一个native speaker, 如果他对雅思考试完全不了解,他也不一定能拿到很好的分数。因此掌握雅思考试的评分标准至关重要。如果你还不了解雅思考试的评分标准,请一定要仔细看学姐发过的关于雅思评分标准解读的文章。
词汇是一门语言的建筑材料,它几乎直接决定了一个人的语言应用水平的高低,其重要性毋庸置疑。下面是大学英语积极词汇,希望对大家有帮助。
A
a/an
abandon
ability
able
abound
about
above
abroad
absence
absent
absolute
absorb
abstract
accelerate
accept
acceptable
access
accompany
accomplish
accord
according to
account
accountable
accumulate
accurate
accuse
achieve
acid
acknowledge
acquaint
acquire
across
act
action
active
activity
actual
adapt
add
addicted
addition
adequate
adjust
admire
admit
adopt
advance
advanced
advantage
advent
adventure
advertise
advice
advise
advocate
affair
affect
afflict
afford
afraid
after
afterwards
again
against
age
agenda
aggravate
ago
agree
agreement
ahead
aid
aim
alert
alike
alive
all
alleviate
allocate
allow
almost
alone
along
aloud
already
also
alter
alternative
although
altogether
always
amass
ambiguous
ambition
ambitious
amend
among/amongst
amount
amuse
amusement
amusing
analogy
analysis
analyze/-yse
ancient
and
anger
angle
angry
annoy
annual
another
answer
anticipate
anxiety
anxious
apart
apologize/-ise
apology
apparent
appeal
appear
appetite
applaud
applause
apply
appoint
appreciate
appreciation
approach
appropriate
approval
approve
approximate
approximately
arbitrary
argue
argument
arise
around
arouse
arrange
arrest
arrival
article
artificial
as
ashamed
aside
ask
asleep
aspect
aspiration
aspire
assemble
assess
assign
assist
associate
association
assume
assure
astonish
at
attach
attack
attain
attempt
attend
attention
attitude
attract
attractive
attribute
authority
available
average
avoid
awake
aware
away
awkward
B
back
background
backward
backwards
bad
bake
balance
ban
band
bank
bar
bare
barely
bargain
barrier
base
basic
basis
bath
bathe
battle
be
bear
beat
beautiful
because
become
before
beg
begin
beginning
behalf
behave
behavior(u)r
behind
belief
believe
belong
below
bend
beneath
benefit
beside
besides
betray
better
between
beyond
bias
big
bill
bind
bit
bite
bitter
blame
bleed
bless
blind
block
blow
board
boast
boil
bold
bond
book
boom
boost
border
bored
boring
born
bound
boundary
bow
branch
brave
break
breath
breathe
breed
bribe
brief
bright
bring
brink
broad
broadcast
broken
brush
build
bunch
bundle
burden
burn
burst
bury
business
busy
but
by
C
calculate
call
calm
campaign
can
cancel
capable
capacity
capital
care
careful
careless
carry
case
cash
catch
category
cater
cause
caution
cease
celebrate
center/-tre
central
certain
certainly
chain
challenge
champion
chance
change
channel
character
charge
chase
cheap
cheat
check/cheque
cheer
cheerful
chemical
cherish
chief
choice
choose
circle
circular
circumstance
cite
civil
claim
clarify
classic
clean
clear
clever
climb
cling
close
clumsy
coarse
coherent
coincide
cold
collapse
colleague
collect
collide
combination
combine
come
comfort
comfortable
command
commence
comment
commerce
commission
commit
commitment
committee
commodity
common
commonplace
communicate
community
company
compare
comparison
compatible
compel
compensate
compete
competent
competition
complain
complaint
complement
complete
complex
complicate
complicated
comply
component
compose
compound
comprehensive
comprise
compromise
compute
conceal
conceive
concentrate
concept
concern
concerning
conclude
conclusion
condition
conduct
confer
confess
confidence
confident
confine
confirm
conflict
conform
confront
confuse
congratulate
connect
conquer
conscience
conscious
consent
consequence
consider
considerable
consideration
considering
consist
constant
constitute
construct
consult
consume
contact
contain
contemplate
contemporary
contend
content
context
continue
continuous
contract
contradict
contrary
contrast
contribute
contribution
control
controversial
controversy
convenient
convention
conventional
conversation
converse
convert
convey
convince
cook
cool
cooperate
coordinate
copy
corporate
correct
correspond
correspondence
corrode
corrupt
corruption
cost
cough
could
count
counter
country
countryside
couple
courage
course
court
cover
crack
crash
crazy
create
creation
creative
creature
credit
creep
crime
cripple
crisis
critic
critical
criticism
criticize/-ise
cross
crowd
crucial
cruel
cruelty
crush
cry
cultivate
curb
cure
curiosity
curious
curl
current
curse
cushion
custom
cut
cycle
D
daily
damage
dance
danger
dangerous
dare
dark
data
date
dead
deaf
deal
debate
debt
decade
decay
deceit
deceive
decide
decision
declare
decline
decorate
decoration
decrease
dedicate
deduce
deem
deep
defeat
defend
defense/-ence
define
definite
degree
delay
deliberate
deliberately
delicate
delicious
delight
deliver
demand
demonstrate
denote
deny
depend
dependent
depress
depth
derive
descend
describe
description
desert
deserve
design
desirable
desire
despair
despite
destroy
destruction
destructive
detail
detect
determination
determine
develop
development
deviate
device
devote
devotion
differ
difference
different
differentiate
difficult
difficulty
dig
dimension
diminish
dip
direct
direction
dirty
disabled
disadvantage
disagree
disappear
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disaster
disastrous
discard
disclose
discount
discourage
discover
discovery
discriminate
discuss
discussion
disease
disgust
disgusting
disillusion
dismiss
displace
display
disposal
dispose
dispute
disregard
distance
distant
distinct
distinguish
distort
distribute
district
disturb
dive
diverse
divert
divide
division
divorce
do
domain
domestic
dominate
double
doubt
down
download
dozen
drag
drain
draw
drawback
dream
dress
drink
drive
drop
drown
drug
dry
due
dull
dump
duration
during
duty
dwarf
dwell
dynamic
E
each
eager
early
earn
ease
easy
eat
economic
edge
edit
educate
education
effect
effective
efficient
effort
either
elastic
elder
elect
election
electric
electricity
electronic
eliminate
else
embark
embarrass
embrace
emerge
emergency
emotion
emotional
emphasis
emphasize/-ise
employ
employment
empty
emulate
enable
enclose
encounter
encourage
encouragement
end
endeavo(u)r
energetic
energy
enforce
engage
engineer
enhance
enjoy
enjoyable
enlist
enormous
enough
enrich
enroll(l)
ensure
enter
entertain
entertainment
enthusiastic
entire
entitle
entrance
envelope
environment
envy
equal
equality
equip
equipment
equivalent
escape
especially
essence
essential
establish
establishment
estate
estimate
ethnic
evade
evaluate
even
eventually
ever
every
everywhere
evidence
evident
evil
evolve
exact
exaggerate
exam(ination)
examine
example
exceed
excel
excellent
except
excess
exchange
excite
exciting
exclude
excuse
exercise
exhibit
exist
existence
expand
expect
expectation
expense
expensive
experience
expert
explain
explanation
explicit
explode
exploit
explore
explosion
explosive
export
expose
exposure
express
expression
extend
extra
extract
extraordinary
extreme
F
face
facilitate
fade
failure
faint
fair
fairly
faith
faithful
fall
false
fame
familiar
famous
fan
fancy
far
fare
fashion
fashionable
fast
fasten
fat
fate
fault
favo(u)r
favo(u)rable
favo(u)rite
fear
feast
feature
federation
feed
feel
feeling
female
fever
few
field
fierce
fight
figure
file
fill
final
finally
finance
financial
find
fine
finish
finite
fire
fit
fix
flash
flat
flexible
float
flood
flow
fluctuate
fly
focus
fold
follow
fond
fool
for
forbid
force
foreign
foresee
forget
forgive
form
formal
former
formulate
forth
forthcoming
fortunate
fortune
forward
foster
foundation
framework
free
freedom
freeze
frequent
fresh
friendly
frighten
from
front
frown
fry
fuel
fulfil(l)
full
fun
function
fundamental
funny
furnish
further
furthermore
future
G
gain
gamble
gap
gather
gear
general
generally
generate
generation
generous
gentle
get
give
glad
glass
global
glory
glue
go
goal
golden
good
goods
govern
grace
graceful
gradual
graduate
grand
grant
grasp
grateful
great
greed
greedy
greet
grief
grind
ground
group
grow
growth
guarantee
guard
guess
guidance
guide
guideline
guilty
H
Habit
hand
handle
hang
happen
happy
hard
harden
hardly
hardship
harm
harmful
harness
harvest
hate
hatred
have
heal
health
healthy
hear
heavy
height
help
helpful
hence
here
hesitate
hide
high
highlight
hinder
hint
hire
historical
hit
hobby
hold
hollow
holy
honest
honesty
hono(u)r
hook
hope
hopeful
hopeless
horizon
horizontal
host
hot
how
however
humble
humo(u)r
humorous
hunger
hungry
hunt
hurry
hurt
I
ice
idea
ideal
identical
identify
idle
if
ignorance
ignorant
ignore
ill
illegal
illness
illusion
illustrate
image
imaginary
imagination
imagine
imitate
immediate
immediately
immense
immune
impact
impair
impart
impede
impetus
implement
implicit
imply
importance
important
impose
impossible
impress
impression
impressive
improve
improvement
in
incentive
incident
incline
include
incorporate
increase
indeed
independence
independent
index
indicate
indication
indispensable
individual
indoor
indoors
induce
industrial
inevitable
infect
infection
infectious
infer
influence
influential
inform
information
inherent
inherit
inhibit
initial
initiate
initiative
injure
injury
innocent
innovation
input
inquire/enquire
inquiry/enquiry
insect
inside
insight
insist
inspect
inspiration
inspire
instance
instant
instead
instinct
institute
institution
instruct
instruction
insult
insurance
insure
integral
integrate
integrity
intelligence
intelligent
intend
intense
intention
interact
interest
interesting
interfere
intermediate
internal
international
interpret
interrupt
interval
intervene
into
intrinsic
introduce
introduction
invent
invention
invest
investigate
investment
invitation
invite
involve
inward
irrespective
isolate
issue
J
jealous
job
join
joint
joke
journal
joy
judg(e)ment
judge
jump
just
justice
justification
justify
K
keen
keep
kick
kill
kind
kindness
kiss
kneel
knock
know
knowledge
L
label
labo(u)r
lack
ladder
lag
land
large
last
late
lately
latter
laugh
launch
law
lay
lazy
lead
lean
learn
least
leave
lecture
left
legal
lend
length
less
lesson
let
level
liberty
lie
life
lift
light
like
likelihood
likely
likewise
limb
limit
link
list
listen
little
live
load
loan
local
locate
lock
logic
logical
lonely
long
look
loom
loose
lose
loss
lot
loud
love
low
lower
loyal
loyalty
luck
lucky
M
mad
magic
mail
main
maintain
majority
make
male
manage
manifest
manipulate
manner
manual
manufacture
many
march
margin
mark
marriage
married
marry
mass
master
match
matter
mature
may
maybe
mean
means
meantime
meanwhile
measure
mechanic
media
medical
meet
melt
memorize/-ise
memory
mend
mental
mention
mercy
mere
merry
message
metal
method
middle
might
migrate
mild
military
mind
minimize/-ise
minimum
minor
minute
miracle
mirror
miserable
miss
mistake
mix
mixture
mode
model
moderate
modern
modernize/-se
modest
modify
moment
money
monitor
monthly
mood
moral
more
moreover
most
motion
motivate
mount
move
much
multiply
multitude
murder
must
mutual
mysterious
mystery
N
naked
narrow
nasty
national
native
natural
nature
near
nearly
neat
necessary
necessity
need
negative
neglect
neither
nervous
never
nevertheless
new
news
newspaper
next
nice
noble
noise
none
nonetheless
nor
norm
normal
note
notice
notion
nowhere
nuclear
number
numerous
nurture
O
obedient
obey
object
objection
objective
obligation
observation
observe
obsession
obstacle
obtain
obvious
occasion
occupy
occur
odd
odds
of
off
offend
offensive
offer
office
official
offset
often
old
omit
on
once
only
open
operate
operation
opinion
opponent
opportunity
oppose
opposite
option
optional
or
order
ordinary
organ
organize/ise
orient
origin
other
otherwise
ought
out
outcome
outdoor
outdoors
outlet
outline
output
outstanding
over
overall
overcome
overlap
overlook
overseas
overtake
owe
own
P
pace
pack
pain
painful
paint
pair
pale
paper
parallel
paralyze/-yse
parcel
pardon
park
part
participate
particular
partly
partner
party
pass
passage
passive
past
paste
patience
patient
patriotic
pattern
pause
pay
payment
peace
peaceful
peculiar
pendulum
people
per
perceive
percentage
perfect
perform
performance
perhaps
period
permanent
permission
permit
persist
persistent
person
personal
personally
perspective
persuade
phase
phenomenon
physical
pick
picture
piece
pile
pin
pinch
pity
place
plague
plain
plan
plant
plastic
play
pleasant
please
pleased
pleasure
plenty
plus
point
policy
polish
polite
political
ponder
pool
poor
popular
population
portion
pose
position
positive
possess
possession
possibility
possible
possibly
post
postpone
potential
pound
pour
poverty
power
powerful
practical
practice
practice/ice
praise
pray
preach
precede
precious
precise
predict
prefer
prejudice
preliminary
preoccupy
preparation
prepare
presence
present
preserve
press
pressure
prestige
presume
pretend
pretty
prevail
prevalent
prevent
previous
price
pride
primary
prime
principal
principle
print
prior
priority
private
prize
probable
probably
problem
proceed
process
produce
product
production
productive
profession
professional
profit
progress
prohibit
project
promise
promising
promote
prompt
prone
pronounce
proof
proper
property
proportion
proposal
propose
prospect
protect
protection
protective
protest
proud
prove
provide
provision
public
publication
publicity
publish
pull
pump
punctual
punish
punishment
purchase
pure
purpose
pursue
push
put
puzzle
Q
qualify
quality
quantity
quarrel
question
quick
quiet
quit
quite
quote
R
radical
raise
random
range
rank
rapid
rare
rarely
rate
rather
ratio
raw
reach
react
read
ready
real
realize/ise
really
reason
reasonable
recall
receipt
receive
recent
recently
recognition
recognize/ise
recommend
reconcile
record
recover
recruit
reduce
reduction
refer
refine
reflect
reform
refrain
refresh
refuge
refusal
refuse
regard
regarding
region
register
regret
regular
regulate
regulation
reinforce
reject
rejoice
relate
related
relation
relationship
relative
relax
release
relevant
relief
relieve
religion
religious
reluctant
rely
remain
remark
remarkable
remedy
remember
remind
remove
render
rent
repair
repeat
replace
reply
report
represent
representative
reproduce
reputation
request
require
rescue
research
resemblance
resemble
resent
reserve
resign
resist
resistance
resolve
resource
respect
respond
response
responsibility
responsible
rest
restore
restrain
restrict
result
retain
retire
return
reveal
reverse
review
revise
revolution
reward
rich
rid
ride
right
rigid
ring
ripe
rise
risk
rival
roar
roast
rob
role
roll
root
rot
rough
round
route
row
royal
rub
rubbish
rude
ruin
rule
run
rush
S
sacrifice
sad
safe
safeguard
safety
sail
sake
sale
same
sample
satisfaction
satisfactory
satisfied
satisfy
save
say
saying
scale
scarce
scatter
scene
scenery
scent
schedule
scientific
scold
scope
scorn
scrape
scratch
scream
screen
search
second
secret
section
sector
secure
seek
seem
seize
seldom
select
selfish
sell
send
sensation
sense
sensible
sensitive
sentence
separate
sequence
series
serious
serve
service
set
settle
seventy
several
severe
sex
sexual
shade
shadow
shake
shallow
shame
shape
share
sharp
shave
shield
shift
shine
shock
shoot
short
shortage
shot
should
shout
show
shower
shrink
shut
shy
sick
sideways
sight
sign
signal
significance
significant
silence
silent
silly
similar
simple
simulate
since
sincere
sing
single
singular
sink
sit
situation
size
skil(l)ful
skill
sleep
slide
slight
slip
slippery
slow
small
smart
smell
smile
smoke
smooth
so
soar
social
society
soft
sole
solid
solution
solve
some
somehow
sometimes
somewhat
somewhere
soon
sorrow
sorry
sort
sound
sour
source
sow
space
spare
spark
speak
special
specialist
specific
specify
speed
spell
spend
spill
spin
spirit
spit
spite
splendid
split
spoil
sport
spot
spread
spring
square
stabilize/-ise
stable
staff
stage
stain
stamp
stand
standard
start
state
statement
statistic
status
stay
steady
steal
steep
steer
stem
step
stick
sticky
stiff
still
stimulate
sting
stir
stitch
stock
stocking
stop
story
straight
straightforward
strange
strap
strategic
strategy
strength
strengthen
stress
stretch
strict
strike
striking
string
strip
stripe
stroke
strong
structure
struggle
stubborn
study
stuff
stupid
style
subject
submit
subordinate
subsequent
subsidy
substitute
subtract
succeed
success
successful
successive
such
suck
sudden
suddendly
suffer
sufficient
suggest
suggestion
suit
suitable
sum
summarize/-ise
supplement
supply
support
suppose
sure
surface
surround
surrounding
survey
survive
suspect
suspend
suspicious
sustain
swallow
swear
sweep
sweet
swell
swim
swing
switch
sympathetic
sympathize/-ise
sympathy
system
T
table
tackle
tailor
take
talk
tall
tame
tap
target
taste
teach
tear
technical
technology
tell
temporary
tempt
tend
tendency
tender
tense
terminate
terrible
terror
test
than
thank
the
then
theory
there
thereby
therefore
thick
thin
thing
think
thirst
thirsty
thorough
though
thought
thread
threat
threaten
thrive
through
throw
thus
tidy
tie
tight
till
time
tip
tire
tired
to
together
too
top
total
touch
tough
toward
towards
trace
trade
tradition
traditional
traffic
transcend
transfer
transform
transit
translate
translation
transmit
transparent
transport
travel
treasure
treat
treatment
tremble
trend
trial
trick
trigger
trouble
trust
truth
try
tune
turn
tutor
twist
type
typical
U
ugly
ultimate
uncertain
unconscious
uncover
under
undergo
underlie
undermine
understand
undertake
undo
unfair
uniform
unify
union
unique
unite
universal
unless
until
unusual
up
upgrade
upon
upright
upset
upward
urge
urgent
use
useful
useless
usher
usual
usually
utilize/-ise
V
vain
valid
valuable
value
variety
various
vary
vehicle
veil
verse
version
vertical
very
vessel
via
victory
view
viewpoint
violate
violence
violent
virtual
virtue
visible
vision
visit
visualize/-ise
vital
volume
volunteer
vote
voyage
W
wage
wait
wake
wander
want
warm
warmth
warn
wash
waste
watch
water
wave
weak
weaken
wealth
wear
weave
weekly
weigh
welcome
welfare
well
wet
what
whatever
when
whenever
where
whereas
whereby
whether
which
whichever
while/whilst
whip
whisper
whistle
who
whoever
whole
why
wicked
wide
widespread
width
wild
will
win
wind
wipe
wisdom
wise
wish
with
within
without
witness
wonder
work
worried
worry
worship
worth
worthwhile
would
wrap
write
wrong
Y
yearly
yet
yield
young
根据教育部高等教育司《大学英语课程教学要求》一书的规定:“大学英语积极词汇”即要求学生能够在认知的基础上在口头和书面表达两方面熟练运用的词汇,在一般要求(四级)阶段约为2000词,较高要求(六级)阶段约为2200词,更高要求(六级后)阶段约为2300词(实为2337词)。
重申一下,这些词不光对四六级有用,对考研、考博甚至英语专业考试都是有用的。对这些词,不光要知道意思,还要知道其准确的读音、拼写、词性、词性变化、意义和用法。应该制定一个计划,每天搞定多少个,一方面可以按字母表的顺序搞,另一方面在复习其他题型时遇到这些词可以特别留意,记住其搭配或例句。
老年痴呆是老人中比较常见的一种病,我们可以通过什么小偏方来给老人治疗改善呢?为此百分网小编给大家带来治疗老年痴呆症的民间小偏方。
治疗老年痴呆症民间偏方
1、花生米45克,粳米60克,冰糖适量。同入砂锅内,加水煮至米烂汤稠为度。每晨空腹温热食之。花生米中的卵磷脂是神经系统所需要的重要物质,能延缓脑功能衰退。
2、大蒜1头,捣烂;炒芝麻180克,蜂蜜180毫升。与蒜泥混合,置冷暗处1个月以上。每次半茶匙,用90毫升热水冲服,每日1次,最多不能超过2次。可增进记忆力。
3、熟地、淮山药、山萸肉、生地各15克,党参、黄芪、茯苓、酸枣仁、泽泻各12克,龙骨(先煎)、龟板(先煎)各18克,五味子、石菖蒲各9克,远志6克。水煎分3次服,隔天服1剂,连服15剂。
4、远志根(阴干、切细)11克。用500毫升水煎至350毫升。内服,每日1剂。主治健忘。
5、芍药40克,川芎、泽泻各34克,茯苓、白术各22克,当归20克。将上药研成粉,每服10克,早晚各1次,温开水送下。本方对单纯痴呆型患者疗效最佳。
6、远志、石菖蒲各3克,干蝮蛇肉1克。共研末,浓煎。每日1剂。可有效增进记忆力。
7、松针适量,水煎代茶饮。主治健忘。
8、羊脑1个,蒸熟后调味食用。有益肾健脑的功效。
9、桂圆10个,红枣10个。放适量水煎服,每晚睡前服。适用于老年性痴呆患者夜间失眠、易惊、烦躁不宁。
治疗老年痴呆的原则
1、营造良好环境是老年痴呆的家庭治疗之一,老同志退休后对改变的环境一时难以适应,过度留恋过去的生活和同事朋友,会损伤大脑细胞。
2、调整心理因素也是老年痴呆的家庭治疗,老同志退休后对改变的环境一时难以适应,过度留恋过去的生活和同事朋友,会损伤大脑细胞。老年痴呆的预防方法之一是,老人自己要调节好内环境,认识到年老退休是事物发展的规律,稳定情绪,保持良好心态。同时,要适时融入现在的外环境,敞开心扉,多与人交流。另外,家庭成员也要设法营造良好的氛围,以帮助老人尽快适应角色转换。
3、适度自我加压,适度的压力对活跃大脑有促进作用。关心时事,看书读报,或给自己定点儿力所能及的目标,总之动脑有益。
4、坚持适度锻炼,体育锻炼既可强身健体、也可锻炼小脑的共济能力。经常活动四肢,身体各部位才能协调好,也就不容易出现认知功能衰退和运动失调,同时对记忆也有明显的帮助,推迟大脑的老化。这也是老年痴呆的家庭治疗。
5、不要让患者自己单独但在家里,在家可以放些让人轻松心情的音乐,这对病人也是有帮助的,都和患者说说话。
老年痴呆症的症状
1.患者起病隐袭,精神改变隐匿,早期不易被家人觉察,不清楚发病的确切日期,偶遇热性疾病,感染,手术,轻度头部外伤或服药患者,因出现异常精神错乱而引起注意,也有的患者可主诉头晕,难于表述的头痛,多变的躯体症状或自主神经症状等。
2.逐渐发生的记忆障碍(memory impairment)或遗忘是AD的重要特征或首发症状。
(1)近记忆障碍明显:患者不能记忆当天发生的日常琐事,记不得刚做过的事或讲过的话,忘记少用的名词,约会或贵重物件放于何处,易忘记不常用的名字,常重复发问,以前熟悉的名字易搞混,词汇减少,远事记忆可相对保留,早年不常用的词也会失去记忆,Albert等检查病人记忆重要政治事件日期和识别过去及当前重要人物的照片,发现记忆丧失在某种程度上包括整个生命期。
(2)Korsakoff遗忘状态:表现为近事遗忘,对1~2min前讲过的事情可完全不能记忆,易遗忘近期接触过的人名,地点和数字,为填补记忆空白,病人常无意地编造情节或远事近移,出现错构和虚构,学习和记忆新知识困难,需数周或数月重复,才能记住自己的床位和医生或护士的姓名,检查时重复一系列数字或词,即时记忆常可保持,短时和长时记忆不完整,但仍可进行某些长时间建立的模式。
3.认知障碍(cognitive impairment) 是AD的特征性表现,随病情进展逐渐表现明显。
(1)语言功能障碍:特点是命名不能和听与理解障碍的流利性失语,口语由于找词困难而渐渐停顿,使语言或书写中断或表现为口语空洞,缺乏实质词,冗赘而喋喋不休;如果找不到所需的词汇,则采用迂回说法或留下未完成的句子,如同命名障碍;早期复述无困难,后期困难;早期保持语言理解力,渐渐显出不理解和不能执行较复杂的指令,口语量减少,出现错语症,交谈能力减退,阅读理解受损,朗读可相对保留,最后出现完全性失语,检查方法是让受检者在1min内说出尽可能多的蔬菜,车辆,工具和衣服名称,AD患者常少于50个。
(2)视空间功能受损:可早期出现,表现为严重定向力障碍,在熟悉的环境中迷路或不认家门,不会看街路地图,不能区别左,右或泊车;在房间里找不到自己的床,辨别不清上衣和裤子以及衣服的上下和内外,穿外套时手伸不进袖子,铺台布时不能把台布的角与桌子角对应;不能描述一地与另一地的方向关系,不能独自去以前常去的熟悉场所;后期连最简单的几何图形也不能描画,不会使用常用物品或工具如筷子,汤匙等,仍可保留肌力与运动协调,系由于顶-枕叶功能障碍导致躯体与周围环境空间关系障碍,以及一侧视路内的刺激忽略。
(3)失认及失用:可出现视失认和面容失认,不能认识亲人和熟人的面孔,也可出现自我认识受损,产生镜子征,患者对着镜子里自己的影子说话,可出现意向性失用,每天晨起仍可自行刷牙,但不能按指令做刷牙动作;以及观念性失用,不能正确地完成连续复杂的运用动作,如叼纸烟,划火柴和点烟等。
(4)计算力障碍:常弄错物品的价格,算错账或付错钱,不能平衡银行账户,最后连最简单的计算也不能完成。
4.精神障碍
(1)抑郁心境,情感淡漠,焦虑不安,兴奋,欣快和失控等,主动性减少,注意力涣散,白天自言自语或大声说话,害怕单独留在家中,少数病人出现不适当或频繁发笑。
(2)部分病人出现思维和行为障碍等,如幻觉,错觉,片段妄想,虚构,古怪行为,攻击倾向及个性改变等,如怀疑自己年老虚弱的配偶有外遇,怀疑子女偷自己的钱物或物品,把不值钱的东西当作财宝藏匿,认为家人作密探而产生敌意,不合情理地改变意愿,持续忧虑,紧张和激惹,拒绝老朋友来访,言行失控,冒失的风险投资或色情行为等。
(3)贪食行为,或常忽略进食,多数病人失眠或夜间谵妄。
5.检查可见早期患者仍保持通常仪表,遗忘,失语等症状较轻时患者活动,行为及社会交往无明显异常;严重时表现为不安,易激惹或少动,不注意衣着,不修边幅,个人卫生不佳;后期仍保留习惯性自主活动,但不能执行指令动作,通常无锥体束征和感觉障碍,步态正常,视力,视野相对完整,如病程中出现偏瘫或同向偏盲,应注意是否合并脑卒中,肿瘤或硬膜下血肿等,疾病晚期可见四肢僵直,锥体束征,小步态,平衡障碍及尿便失禁等,约5%的患者出现癫痫发作和帕金森综合征,伴帕金森综合征的患者往往不能站立和行走,整天卧床,生活完全依靠护理。