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雾霾的英文

雾霾 时间:2010-12-09

【www.jinghuajt.com--雾霾】

雾霾的英文篇(1):关于雾霾的英语写作


  1关于雾霾的解决方法
  Dear David,
  I’m glad to receive your letter. I have learned from your letter that you are concerned about the smog which frequently appears in some areas of China. Thank you for your concern. I’m also very worried about such terrible weather because it has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people’s health such as traffic jam, road accidents, bad coughs, throat hurts and ever lung cancers and so on.
  As everybody knows, a good environment comes from good protection. So we should do what we can to make a difference. Try to drive less and choose air-friendly products. Only when everyone has the environmental awareness can we have cleaner air.
  Hoping to hear from you soon and share your good ideas.
  2关于雾霾
  Dear Mike,
  Thank you very much for your concern. Last months several places in Beijing were blanketed with thick yellow fog. Everything around disappeared from oursight. Some highways were closed. Traffic jams were commonly seen in the streets. Many people, especially children and seniors, even found it difficult to breathe. As a result, local hospitals were crowded with people who had problems with their noses and lungs. Part of the cause was the dry weather, but the severely damaged environment contributed a lot to this nightmare. Personally I didn’t get any health problems in the haze because I stayed mostly indoors.But to make a significant change we really have to do more to protect our environment. To live a better life we have to push on with the economy, but it wound be meaningless if we have to achieve it at the cost of our breathing air.
  Regards!
  Yours,
  Li Hua
  3关于雾霾
  As people are knowing more about PM2.5, they are becoming more and more concerned about their living environment. As students, what should we do?
  First, we should ride bikes or take buses to school. Riding bikes is also good for our health. We should try our best to advise our parents to drive less. Try to walk or ride bikes to work. Second, we’d better use both sides of the paper. Don’t waste paper. Third, we should save power. Remember to turn off the lights when we leave the classroom. At last, we should plant more trees and flowers.
  If everyone makes a little effort, the world will be more and more beautiful.
  4关于雾霾
  Dear Bill,
  I’m glad to receive your letter,thank you for your caring for the weather and my health.Now I’d like to tell you something about the smog.
  Since the winter last year,the smog has occurred a lot of times.it has done great harm to our daily life.many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog weather,more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the serious disease caused by the smog,quite a lot of flights have to be put off,a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the smog.
  People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment.people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the smog weather.the government suggests people go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground.Also we should plant more trees.
  According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere.in addition, I will tell the people I meet to protect the environment as possible as they can.would you like to tell me some good ideas?i’m looking forward to your reply.
  Yours,
  Li Hua
  5关于雾霾
  Since the winter last year,the haze has occurred a lot of times.Haze is air pollution in which is mixed up with dust, smoke and other dry particles ,and it obscure the clarity of the sky and interacts with the natural environment.This kind of air pollutant come from a variety of natural and manmade sources. Natural sources can include windblown dust, and soot from wildfires. Manmade sources can include motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning, and manufacturing operations. The one of the main cause that touches off haze is manufacturing operations. Many factories were over measure produced the smog that had over the standard and the smog seriously influence the air become air pollution.
  it has done great harm to our daily life.many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy haze weather,more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the serious disease caused by the haze,quite a lot of flights have to be put off,a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the haze.
  People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment.people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the smog weather.the government suggests people go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground.Also we should plant more trees.One of effective solutions to help eliminate haze is to make some chemistry changes during the manufacturing process,so it could reduce harmful emissions which are produced by manufacturing operationsAccording to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere.in addition, I will tell the people I meet to protect the environment as possible as they can.would you like to tell me some good ideas?i’m looking forward to your reply. We are all in this together! We shall survive and thrive together!
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雾霾的英文篇(2):年度热门的科学热词有哪些


  科技可以超越时间,让我们预见人类社会的未来,所以有很多的人都会想要知道一些有名的科学热词。下面是百分网小编为你精心推荐的热门的科学热词,希望对您有所帮助。
  年度热门的科学热词
  人工智能
  人工智能(Artificial Intelligence),英文缩写为AI。它是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系统的一门新的技术科学。也许你对概念并不熟悉,但你对AlphaGo一定非常熟悉,就是它在用高超的棋艺战胜了李世石,直接引爆了这一轮人工智能的热潮。前不久,三连冠的柯洁也认怂,声称干不过AlphaGo。围棋高手引以为傲的不被机器战胜的领域,就这样沦陷了。
  据《科学》杂志判断,到2045年,世界上50%的工作,都会被人工智能所取代。而在中国这个数据是77%。也就是说,30年之内,我国每4个工作中至少有3个会被人工智能取代。尤其是助理、翻译、保安,这些工作可能都会被取代。今天的人脸识别,可以做到比人20倍更精确的辨识人脸。
  科技巨头们并不会放弃这个机会,大力开垦这块领域。下面罗列一下今年关于人工智能的收购案。
  2016年1月份,苹果收购人工智能初创公司Emotient,这家公司的成果在于使用人工智能技术读取图片中的面部表情。
  2016年5月份,eBay宣布收购Expertmaker,这是一家使用机器学习进行大数据分析的瑞典企业。 2016年5月份,英特尔收购了专门从事计算机视觉 (CV)算法的初创公司It-seez,计划利用Itseez专业能力来创建从汽车到安全系统的物联网(IoT)。
  2016年8月份,微软收购了一个两年半的初创公司Ge-nee,其主要产品是一款拥有AI技术的智能日程工具。
  2016年9月份,谷歌相继收购了用于开发聊天机器人的人工智能平台Api.ai,距离收购视觉搜索创企Moodstock仅过去两个月之久。
  2016年9月份,亚马逊低调收购了机器人创业公司An-gel.ai,这家公司的联合创始人成为亚马逊“新机器人产品”的项目负责人。
  然而,360董事长周鸿?表示,人工智能是风口也是泡沫,对人工智能要有客观理性的认识。这场关于人工智能的喧哗,到底有多少是真金白银?
  基因测序
  2015年初美国奥巴马政府颁布“精准医疗计划”,今年3月科技部也将精准医疗列入重点研发计划,以基因测序为基础的精准医疗受到中美两国政府的高度重视。
  随着基因检测成本急速下降至1000美元左右,极大地扩展基因检测的应用领域和应用人群。市场寄希望于它能在生殖和遗传病领域、肿瘤个性化治疗,尤其是精准用药方面,以及复杂慢病等方面的个体用药指导方面,发挥巨大的作用。
  2007年全球基因测序市场规模为7.9亿美元,到2014年市场规模为54.5亿美元,预计2018年全球基因测序市场规模将超过110亿美元。2015年开始至今,基因检测赢得了来自资本和创业者的高度青睐。
  在国内,基因测序上游设备制造环节目前处于国外垄断状态,且进入技术门槛非常高,一般企业难以从上游设备制造环节切入市场。相较于上游设备制造环节,中游的基因测序服务在技术门槛上相对要低一些。近几年,尽管卫计委和药监局对基因测序临床应用市场加强了管理,但消费级基因测序服务企业层出不穷,目前已有超过150家企业和机构从事基因测序相关业务。国内提供基因测序服务的机构呈现逐年增长的趋势,随着测序服务机构数的增长,测序服务市场的竞争也将趋于白热化。
  然而,基因检测主要是服务于科研和临床的,二者都是严谨且有其内在规律的领域,注定了基因检测的发展将很漫长。目前,由于数据解读的滞后导致基因测序在临床治疗上的价值还未展现。即便是在消费市场,除了玩转概念以外,基因检测的结果究竟代表什么含义检测机构并不清楚,更不可能提供真正有效的干预和服务。
  更何况,基因检测能提前检测出的遗传疾病、肿瘤等,除了遗传因素外,疾病的发生还与环境、个人生活习惯等关系也很紧密,而环境因素包括化学性、物理性及生物性因素等等由于多基因疾病的原因复杂,很难单纯从基因来得到有效的防治疾病信息,因此也很难应用到临床上。
  以基因测序为基础的精准医疗,恐怕还需要医学基础科研很长时间的探索和积累。
  雾霾
  雾霾是我们在这份榜单里最不想见到又必须面对的热词。雾霾并不是什么新鲜事物,它像个工业幽灵一样一直伴随着人类的现代化进程。从1930年的比利时马斯河谷烟雾事件到1943年的洛杉矶烟雾事件,从1948年的美国多诺拉烟雾事件到1952年的英国伦敦烟雾事件。实际上,20世纪70年代之后,伦敦才慢慢摘掉了“雾都”的帽子,蜕变成为生态之城。雾霾是个环境难题。公众的警醒、政府的坚决、科技的手段、生活的变革、经济的转型,还有长期的坚持,才是最终战胜雾霾的可靠保证。
  人工智能的实现方法
  人工智能在计算机上实现时有2种不同的方式。一种是采用传统的编程技术,使系统呈现智能的效果,而不考虑所用方法是否与人或动物机体所用的方法相同。这种方法叫工程学方法(ENGINEERING APPROACH),它已在一些领域内作出了成果,如 文字识别、电脑下棋等。另一种是模拟法(MODELING APPROACH),它不仅要看效果,还要求实现方法也和人类或生物机体所用的方法相同或相类似。遗传算法(GENERIC ALGORITHM,简称GA)和人工神经网络(ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK,简称ANN)均属后一类型。遗传算法模拟人类或生物的遗传-进化机制,人工神经网络则是模拟人类或动物大脑中神经细胞的活动方式。为了得到相同智能效果,两种方式通常都可使用。采用前一种方法,需要人工详细规定程序逻辑,如果游戏简单,还是方便的。
  如果游戏复杂,角色数量和活动空间增加,相应的逻辑就会很复杂(按指数式增长),人工编程就非常繁琐,容易出错。而一旦出错,就必须修改原程序,重新编译、调试,最后为用户提供一个新的版本或提供一个新补丁,非常麻烦。采用后一种方法时,编程者要为每一角色设计一个智能系统(一个模块)来进行控制,这个智能系统(模块)开始什么也不懂,就像初生婴儿那样,但它能够学习,能渐渐地适应环境,应付各种复杂情况。这种系统开始也常犯错误,但它能吸取教训,下一次运行时就可能改正,至少不会永远错下去,用不到发布新版本或打补丁。利用这种方法来实现人工智能,要求编程者具有生物学的思考方法,入门难度大一点。但一旦入了门,就可得到广泛应用。由于这种方法编程时无须对角色的活动规律做详细规定,应用于复杂问题,通常会比前一种方法更省力。
  雾霾的形成原因
  霾的形成示意图雾霾的源头多种多样,比如汽车尾气、工业排放、建筑扬尘、垃圾焚烧,甚至火山喷发等等,雾霾天气通常是多种污染源混合作用形成的。但各地区的雾霾天气中,不同污染源的作用程度各有差异。雾霾天气自古有之,刀耕火种和火山喷发等人类活动或自然现象都可能导致雾霾天气。不过在人类进入化石燃料时代后,雾霾天气才真正威胁到人类的生存环境和身体健康。急剧的工业化和城市化导致能源迅猛消耗、人口高度聚集、生态环境破坏,都为雾霾天气的形成埋下伏笔。
  雾霾的形成既有“源头”,也有“帮凶”,这就是不利于污染物扩散的气象条件,一旦污染物在长期处于静态的气象条件下积聚,就容易形成雾霾天气。一是生成颗粒性扬尘的物理基源。我国有世界上最大的黄土高原地区,其土壤质地最易生成颗粒性扬尘微粒。二是运动差造成扬尘。例如,道路中间花圃和街道马路牙子的泥土下雨或泼水后若有泥浆流到路上,一小时干涸后,被车轮一旋就会造成大量扬尘,即使这些颗粒性物质落回地面,也会因汽车不断驶过,被再次甩到城市上空。三是扬尘基源和运动差过程集聚在一定空间范围内,颗粒最终与水分子结核集聚成霾。目前来看,在我国黄土平高原地区350多座城市中,雾霾构造三要素存量相当丰裕。

雾霾的英文篇(3):考研英语到底应该怎么复习


  考研的小伙伴在进行英语的复习时,要掌握好重点。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语复习计划,欢迎大家前来阅读。
  考研英语作文复习指导
  一、热点透析提前准备
  分析社会热点题材,是为了提前对2015考研英语真题的大作文的命题方向有一个把握,从而节省考生在考场上的写作时间、保证写作质量,同时还能提升答题自信心!
  “诚信”题材,由于APEC会议倡导互信、包容、创新、共赢精神。“诚信”荣升2015考研英语大作文的重点预测话题。作为人类高尚的品德之一,历来为人们所提倡,这与近些年不断发生的诚信缺失事件形成强烈对比。这也种对比下考生要秉持一个正确的诚信观点,提前思考所倡导观点有助于考场一气呵成!同时,考生要多积累诸如credibility 诚信、honestly is the best policy诚实为上策等闪光词汇短语。
  “勤俭节约”题材。纵观近两年首先是反对公款大吃大喝,到清粥咸菜的“主席套餐”,习大大用自身行动在践行着“厉行勤俭节约、反对铺张浪费”,让讲文明,树新风,勤俭节约从领导层向民间逐层过渡。除了这种日常消费不浪费外,环境资源节约也是社会关注的热点,考生也不可忽视。如遇这类题材的卓文,考生可从政府、企业、个人来分开谈节约资源的方式。文章可从现状、浪费的危害和节约的必要性以及如何践行包括践行措施和自身决心三个段落进行阐述。当然这些会让文章闪光的词汇也不可缺少:减少浪费reduce waste促进改革、promote reform。
  “环境问题”雾霾天气是近几年困扰人们的重大问题之一,从最初的“冬季霾”变成了“例数晴天”,APEC过后,这一问题进入考研命题人的视野也是很正常的。关于雾霾类文章考生可参考2015考研英语作文预测及范文:雾霾,当然各位考生也需要积累一些关于雾霾环保话题的闪光词句,如:增强环境意识enhance the awareness of the importance of raise the consciousness about environmental protection、注重节约资源attach importance to saving resources。
  二、做题收获更重要
  出国留学网小编提醒大家要把每一套做细做精,每一套做完,都知道自己在哪个点上有了新的收获,不要只追求数量!
  考研英语真题长难句复习
  1、主从复合句
  When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
  [参考译文]
  当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时,最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的,因为,无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬,在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。
  [结构分析]
  本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...,句首的When引导一个时间状语从句,句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一个并列分句,表示原因,其中for后面的however +形容词farfetched and unreasonable引导状语从句,表示让步。在主干it is advisable to find out... 中,it是形式主语,后面的不定式结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主语。
  2、并列句
  While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
  [参考译文]
  与你谈话时,可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经历和你的其他资历是否在雇佣你以后会给他带来好处。你的"资历"和能力必须有条不紊、合理连贯地展示出来。
  [结构分析]
  这也是一个并列句,包含两个分句。第一个分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether...,其中whether引导一个宾语从句whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二个分句的主干是your "wares" and abilities must be displayed...。注意:pay sb. to do sth.此处的意思是"做…对…有利";"wares"的本义是"商品、货物",但在本文中,作者认为找工作就是推销自己,所以结合本文的背景,wares的意思是"(求职者的)资历或能力"。
  3、定语从句
  (1)The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
  [参考译文]
  通过雇用大量的职业人才,这一变化满足了新时代的技术要求,防止了效率下降--在过去,这种效率下降经常使家族公司在充满活力的创业者之后的第二代或第三代毁掉全部财产。
  [结构分析]
  本句是一个并列句,以and连接;第一个分句的主干是The change met the technical requirements...,后面的介词结构by engaging a large professional element作状语,说明met the technical requirements of the new age的方式;第二个分句的主干是(the change) prevented the decline in efficiency,后面的that引导的定语从句修饰decline in efficiency。注意:engage此处的意思是"雇,聘"。
  (2)A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
  [参考译文]
  1996年进行的一项新闻调查表明,反科学的标签还被贴在其他许多团体身上--从主张消灭最后剩下的各种天花病毒的机构,到主张减少基础研究经费的共和党人。
  [结构分析]
  本句的主干是A survey...reveals that...,主语是survey,谓语是reveals,后面的that引导一个宾语从句,其主干是:the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well,后面的部分是from和to连接的两个名词:from authorities...to Republicans...,说明other groups的内容,而两个名词后面各自带一个定语从句,都由who引导。
  The astonishing distrust of the news media isn"t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
  [参考译文]
  读者对新闻媒体令人惊讶的不信任并非源于报道失实或报道技能较差,而是源于记者和读者之间世界观的日常冲突。
  [结构分析]
  本句的主干是distrust ... isn"t rooted in... but in... (不信任的根源不是…而是…),其中be rooted in... 的意思是"根源在于…"。注意:这是一种特殊句式,重点在but之后的部分。
  4、名词性从句
  Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.
  [参考译文]
  网络文化非常推崇这样一种理念:出现在用户屏幕上的信息应该是根据用户特定要求发送过来的。
  [结构分析]
  本句的主干是Online culture thinks highly of the notion that...,其中notion后面的that引导一个同位语从句,说明notion的具体内容;同位语从句的主干是the information...comes there...,其中flowing onto the screen作定语,修饰the information,句末的by specific request作状语,修饰come there。
  5、状语从句
  Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy"s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt tightening.
  [参考译文]
  消费者们看上去只是有点担心,而没有恐慌,很多消费者说尽管他们正在把开支紧缩一点,但是他们对经济的长期前景仍然保持乐观。
  [结构分析]
  本句是以and连接的并列句,其中第二个分句的主干是many say...,say后面的部分是宾语从句,其中还包含一个as引导的让步状语从句。
  考研英语应该重视语法复习
  ●抛弃语法,原何是正确率低的“罪魁祸首”
  抛弃语法成为正确率低的“罪魁祸首”,这要从英语语法的重要性谈起,如果没有坚实的语法基础知识做可靠保证,那么考生就无法对完形填空所要求的语言形式以及整体结构做一个很好的思考;就无法在文章分析中把握语段一致性、连贯性,将逻辑层次理清。语法让我们的英语语言更具有系统性,试想,在试卷的作文中展现倒装、强调、比较、省略等等结构的闪光句型,势必会吸引阅卷老师的眼球。建立在扎实语法的基础上学习,能够有效帮助考生在完成考研英语的各个题型中顺利登顶。
  ●语法不牢,症结究竟在哪些方面
  首先,语法不牢,源于考生们根深蒂固的母语情节,摆脱母语情节的窠臼,能帮助考生真正理清考研英语文章的真谛;由于考生们对语法的“一知半解”,使得考生无法将知识串联起来,所以具备英语完整的语法体系也是很重要的一点;对语句结构的不明确,使得诸如五四三二,即五大简单句、四大并列句、三大复合句、两大特殊句式“云山雾绕”,也是语法不牢固的一大症结。
  ●语法在手,长难句不再是“老大难”
  正所谓,任何语言都离不开语法知识,一些考生喜欢凭语感来做题,语感的确是好东西,但是,都教授不得告诫各位考生,语感是一种玄妙的东西,在长难句的理解中,时而奏效时而不奏效,而语法才是最“靠谱”的东西,通过语法分析能将主谓宾以及从句进行有效分解,从而逐词逐句理解到位。在基础夯实阶段,熟悉语法,使长难句迎刃而解,不再是“老大难”问题。

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