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为了帮助大家能够对自己学的知识点有所了解，需要一套英语模拟试题来测试一下自己，以下是百分网小编为你整理的2018届上海市崇明县高三英语二模拟试卷，希望能帮到你。
2018届上海市崇明县高三英语二模拟试卷题目
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the girl’s mother pay for the CD?
A. In cash. B. By cheque. C. By credit card.
2. What will the speakers do in the afternoon?
A. Build a tree house. B. Go mountain biking. C. Play beach volleyball.
3. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Drive a car. B. Move some boxes. C. Make a phone call.
4. What are the speakers discussing?
A. When to watch TV. B. Whether to watch a film. C. What program to watch.
5. Why is the woman disappointed about the restaurant?
A. The price is unacceptable. B. The waiter is unfriendly. C. The service is slow.
第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标出试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Weekend plans. B. A city tour. C. Japanese food.
7. Where will the speakers meet on Saturday night?
A. At a concert hall B. At the woman"s home C. At a Japanese restaurant
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where does the conversation probably lake place?
A. At a railway station. B. At an airport. C. At a bus stop.
9. How is the weather now?
A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Foggy.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Who is the Best Car Design Prize winner?
A. Mr. Zarba. B. Mr. Giddings. C. Ms Miller.
11. What do we know about the Best Car Design competition?
A. The dinner will receive much money. B. There were few competitors.
C. It was very competitive.
12. Where is the Hyatt Hotel?
A. On the left side of Granville Avenue. B. Opposite a department store.
C. Across from a bank.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who is at Music Club?
A. Katrina. B. Angelina. C. Sonya.
14. What is Lucy doing at her club this month?
A. Playing an instrument. B. Discussing short stories. C. Doing a science project
15. What does Molly think of Film Club?
A. Exciting. B. Interesting. C. Boring.
16. Which club does Ella most probably go to?
A. Photography Club. B. Book Club. C. Dance Club.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When should the listeners gather outside the school gale?
A. At 7:45. B. At 8:00. C. At 8:55.
18. What do the listeners need to do before Thursday?
A. Invite their parents to the trip. B. Learn to make pizza. C. Give the speaker some money.
19. What should the listeners take?
A. Sandwiches. B. A pencil. C. A notebook.
20. How does the speaker suggest parents ask questions?
A. On the phone. B. By e-mail. C. Face to face.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Here are some great beach spots for your family to have some fun together.
High Bar Harbor, New Jersey
It sits on Long Beach Island, one of the most popular Jersey shores. But watch the water when the tide comes in, you may not be able to leave until the tide goes.
How to Get There: Take Long Beach Blvd, north into the town of Barnegat Light and turn left on 20th St., a.k.a. Auburn Road, Go a 1/3 of a mile, and then bear right at the Y-shaped intersection (交叉点)onto Sunset Blvd. Take it to the end. You’ll see a footpath to the beach.
Caladesi Beach, Florida
To be honest, you"ll hardly be alone here. Caladesi Island State Park is home to hundreds of species of birds nesting among the sunflower-flecked small hills of sand. On the other hand, there"s not a parking space in sight.
How to Get There: The park, off the west coast, can be gotten to by private boats from Honeymoon Island Slate Park.
Ruby Beach, Washington
Ruby Beach feels almost mythical (神话的)，only when at low tide and in the fog. The rocks there are strange-looking, and the pools can be surprising, too.
How to Get There: There"s a sign seven miles north of Kalaloch on Hwy. 101. From the parking lot, follow the path through the trees, down a decline, then toward the water.
Pfeiffer Beach, California
The rocks there are amazing. In some places, the sand is a light shade of purple. Sure, it can gel windy, but that"s a small price to pay for paradise.
How to Get There: The turnoff is actually just past the Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park entrance, at Sycamore Canyon Rd. Drive two miles to the beach, and then walk 10 minutes north to Deer Canyon. There"s no sign, but you"ll know it when you see it.
21. What may happen when the tide comes in?
A. Long Beach Island is totally gone.
B. Long Beach Island is popular with tourists.
C. The footpath to High Bar Harbor can be gone.
D. The footpath to High Bar Harbor becomes mythical.
22. What do Ruby Beach and Pfeiffer Beach have in common?
A. They both look mythical. B. They have special rocks.
C. The sand there is purple. D. There are some small pools.
23. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Long Beach Island is the most popular Jersey shores.
B. You can also enjoy watching many birds and sunflowers at Caladesi Beach.
C. The rocks at Ruby Beach are obviously fantastic all the time.
D. You should pay much to enter Pfeiffer Beach, California.
B
I first met Joe Gumps when we were both 9 years old, which is probably the only reason he is one of my best friends. If I had first met Joe as a freshman in high school, we wouldn"t even have had the chance lo get to know each other.
Joe is a day student, but I am a boarding student. We haven"t been in the same classes, sports or extracurricular activities. Nevertheless, I spend nearly every weekend at his house, and we talk on the phone every night. This is not to say that we would not have been compatible if we had first met in our freshman year. Rather, we would not have been likely to spend enough time getting to know each other, due to the lack of immediately visible mutual interests.
In fact, to be honest, I struggle even now to think of things we have in common, but maybe that"s what makes us enjoy each other"s company so much. When I look at my friendship with Joe, I wonder how many people I’ve known whom I never disliked but simply didn’t take the time to get to know. Thanks to Joe, I have realized how little basis there is, for the social division that exist in every community.
Since this realization, I have begun to make an even more determined effort to find friends in unexpected people and places.
24. Why does the author say Joe Gumps became one of his best friends?
A. They shared mutual friends in school. B. They had known each other since children.
C. They shared many extracurricular activities. D. They had many interests in common.
25. Which of the following can explain the underlined word “compatible” in the passage?
A. suited and fitted. B. consistent. C. less-connected. D. unsuitable or unfit.
26. According to the writer, what may be the obstacle for him not to spend time to know others?
A. That he doesn"t like others" company. B. Being strange to others.
C. The lack of obvious mutual interests. D. That he’s busy doing other important things.
27. What has the writer learned from his friendship with Joe?
A. Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain
B. One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect.
C. It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friends.
D. Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other.
C
Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men, in which he looked millions of years ahead. He told of different men and of strange civilizations, broken up by long “dark ages” in between. In his view, what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men. In 2000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.
However, most of our ideas about the future are really short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred? The next thousand? The next million? That"s much more difficult.
When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? Yet to men of 50,000 years from now, we may see as primitive(原始的)in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us. Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels, or struggling with their ballalators through the tribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that simply can"t think of.
So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons: First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole history, we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are. If we make the earth a poor place to live on because we are careless or greedy or quarrelsome, our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us.
Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves. For example, if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming, we can think of trying it now. So, set your imagination free when think about future.
28. A particular mention made of Stapledon"s book in the opening paragraph .
A. shows the popularity of the book B. serves as a description of human history
C. serves as an introduction to the discussion D. shows a disagreement of views
29. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now in order to show that .
A. human history is extremely long B. it is useless to plan for the next 50 years
C. life has changed a great deal D. it’s difficult to tell what’ll happen in the future
30. "Spundels" and "ballalators" are used in the text to refer to .
A. unknown things in the future B. ideas about modem life
C. tools used in farming D. hunting skills in the Stone-Age
31. According to the writer of the text, imagining the future will .
A. help us to improve farming B. enable us to better understand human history
C. serve the interests of the present and future generations D. make life worth living
D
Nowadays, parents are faced with more pressure while bringing up their kids, we want our children to reach their full academic potential. We read to them, encourage their special talents, and support them when they have problems. If they choose to participate in music or sports, we also help them reach their potential in those areas. These are all good goals.
There is, however, an even more important goal. It is a goal more difficult than excellence in arithmetic or soccer or the violin. Parents are responsible for providing their children with a moral compass. They need to nurture and treasure goodness in their children. Every child has the capacity to become a good, decent human being. To fulfill this capacity, children need the guidance and support of parents and other adults. Raising good, moral children is the most important job we will have.
What is a good, decent human being? While we may differ on some details, most would agree that respect for others, kindness and caring, honesty and honor, and a reverence (尊重)for life are key. Good, decent human beings are people with a firm sense of direction and purpose, a moral compass to guide their lives. Children need our help to develop these characteristics and values.
However, goodness is not easy for an adult, and it is even more difficult for a child. They do not have the knowledge, experiences, or cognitive skills to understand the impact and consequences of their actions.
Reinforcement is sometimes an efficient approach to building positive behavior. The child behaves in a desired way and the parents provide reinforcement. The behavior then typically increases in frequency. This approach works for teaching "Please" and “Thank you". The new behavior is maintained, because it helps the child get along in the world.
Loving, everyday interactions are the beginning of raising moral children. The child falls and receives adult concern learns how to treat others kindly when they stumble(绊倒).The child who makes a mistake and is encouraged to try again learns how to support others. When parents intercede (调解)graciously for their child, the child can see the basis for friendship. When we treat children with respect and care, we provide a positive model of how to behave. These early experiences establish patterns for their treatment of others.
32. What are adults supposed to do to make children become good, decent human beings?
A. support their children when they have problems
B. encourage their children to be a man with high honesty
C. set a good example and give positive instructions to children
D. encourage their children to learn more knowledge about sports or music
33. Why is it difficult for a child to act with honor and kindness?
A. Because it is difficult for adults to do so.
B. Because a child is not mature enough to do so.
C. Because a child does not understand the abstract concept of “goodness".
D. Because a child does not have a model to follow.
34. Why does the author talk about leaching "Please" and “Thank you" in Paragraph 5?
A. To demonstrate that reinforcement is an efficient approach to building positive behavior
B. To demonstrate that politeness is the nature of a moral compass.
C. To demonstrate that politeness helps the child gel along in the world.
D. To demonstrate that saying "Please" and “Thank you" is a good habit.
35. Which of the following can express the main idea of the last passage?
A. Adults should treat children with love.
B. Adults should have more positive communication with children.
C. Adults should treat children with respect and care.
D. Adults should provide a positive model of how to behave for children.
第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最作选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you have trouble finding something to do that your children can enjoy? Don"t worry! These activities make family outings perfect for weekends.
36
The next time your child"s favorite band is in town, take him to a show for a special treat. Tickets may be hard to obtain, especially for a famous concert. If you"re really unable to get tickets, check the local theater for them.
Science museum
If you live in a large city, chances are that you have a science museum nearby. 37 Be sure to catch a lecture, live performance, or a show for fascinating subjects. Be sure to be close to some firsthand and fantastic science experiments.
The zoo
Take the whole family on a trip to the local zoo. 38 Little kids love to stop by the zoo to enjoy a variety of friendly animals. Older kids will enjoy sitting here to learn about the various environments and eating habits of wild animals.
Live sporting event
Who doesn"t love a live sporting event? Take me out to the ball game! Support your favorite professional team with a family outing to the stadium. 39 And root your team on to a win.
Camping
Become one with nature. Ask your children to identify the different animal and insect noises, or collect backyard materials for a special project. 40 It"s amazing how your own yard can be transformed into a nature wonderland(奇境)at night!
A. Kids" concert or show
B. The cinema
C. Satisfy your child"s curiosity
D. When do you watch a football game?
E. Grab a hot dog and some peanuts, then settle onto your seat.
F. Visit each creature’s exhibit and test your kids’ animal knowledge.
G. At bedtime, rest in sleeping bags under the stars, or set up a tent.
第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完型填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答卡上将该项涂黑。
One day, during the long summer holiday, Mrs Martins took Bredon and his younger brother to the beach. As soon as they got there, the two children 41 down to the sea to try out their new surfboats. They were soon swimming out to the 42 and riding back on their boards.
After a while, Brendon noticed that Kim was 43 away from him.
“Come back, Kim,” he shouted. “Mum said we have to stick together.” Kim put his arms over the side of his board and began paddling(划水), but instead of getting 44 he began moving further away.
“Brendon, help!” called the young boy. “I’m 45 in a trip current(退潮流).” Brendon quickly paddled over to his 46 .
“Hold 47 to the back of my board and I’ll pull you in,” he told the 48 boy. But the trip was
too 49 and soon both Brendon and Kim were moving still further from the beach.
“I cann’t even see our beach any more,” 50 Kim.
“Yes, 51 we’re not moving out to sea any more. We’re just floating along the coast. See, there’s the next beach,” said Brendon 52 , “We’re moving closer to it.” Sure enough, the current was now taking them closer to the beach and becoming 53 .
“Right, now’s the time to paddle,” said Brendon, suddenly full of 54 . Before long the children had paddled to the beach 55 they sat for a few moments to 56 their breach. Then they 57 up their boards and started the long walk back to their mother. When they got there, they were surprised to find the beach full of people and boats.
“Thank goodness!” cried their mother running up to 58 them.” ‘We were just about to start a search. One minute you were in the waves in front of me and the next you were gone. I was so 59 .”
“It’s OK,” said Brendon, bugging his mother.” “We did just as you told us and 60 together.”
41.A. raced B. got C. swam D. jumped
42.A. beaches B. fields C. waves D. sands
43.A. turning B. breaking C. floating D. pulling
44.A. shorter B. higher C. faster D. closer
45.A. found B. trapped C. absorbed D. rested
46.A. mother B. brother C. father D. sister
47.A. on B. in C. up D. off
48.A. determined B. frightened C. surprised D. interested
49.A. hard B. mild C. strong D. soft
50.A. announced B. claimed C. smiled D. cried
51.A. or B. so C. and D. but
52.A. carelessly B. sadly C. cheerfully D. attentively
53.A. weaker B. clearer C. lower D. faster
54.A. spirit B. energy C. source D. force
55.A. how B. where C. why D. when
56.A. make B. feel C. hold D. catch
57.A. picked B. mixed C. rolled D. fixed
58.A. punish B. beat C. hug D. scold
59.A. depressed B. amazed C. embarrassed D. worried
60.A. stuck B. sank C. shock D. struck
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共50分)
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在答题卡上填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Do you call that a hat?” I said to my wife.
“You needn’t be so rude about it,” my wife answered as she looked at 61. (she) in the mirror.
I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and 62. (wait). We 63. (be) in the hat shop for half an hour 64. my wife was still in front of the mirror.
“ We mustn’t buy things we don’t need,” I remarked 65. ( sudden). I regretted 66. (say) it almost at once.
“ You needn’t have said that, ”my wife answered. “I needn’t remind you 67. that terrible tie you bought yesterday.”
“ I find 68. beautiful,” I said. “A man can never have too many ties.”
“ And a woman can’t have too many hats, she answered.
Ten minutes 69. we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat 70. looked like a lighthouse!
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Li Ming,
The summer holiday is around corner. Do you have any plan for them? I plan to read some English book during the holiday and I needed your recommendations.
Firstly, I want to improve my English level, hope one day I can go to abroad for further study in other countries, such as America and England. Secondly, I also desires to know more history, geography as good as cultures and traditions about these countries. But can you make a list of the books of me to read? Thank you sincerely in advance.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Li Hua
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，贵校在学生中征集意见，询问学生是否赞成开设iPad课程(iPad classrooms)。你支持开设iPad课堂;请给校长写一封建议，要点如下：1.资源丰富;2.促进交流;3.利于环保;4.其他理由.
注意：1.词数120左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3.开头语已为你写好。
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
2018届上海市崇明县高三英语二模拟试卷答案
听力：1---5. BABCC 6---10. ABCAB 11---15. CBCBC 16---20. AACBA
阅读：21---23. CBB 24-27BACD 28---31. CDAC 32---35. CBAD
七选五：36-40 ACFEG
完型： 41-45 ACCDB 46-50 BABCD 51-55 DCABB 56-60 DACDA
语法填空：
61. herself; 62. waited; 63. had been; 64. and; 65. suddenly;
66. saying; 67. of; 68. it; 69. later; 70. that/which.
短文改错：
Dear Li Ming,
The summer holiday is around ∧ corner. Do you have any plan for
the
them? I plan to read some English book during the holiday and I needed
it books need
your recommendations.
Firstly, I want to improve my English level, hope one day I can go
hoping
to abroad for further study in other countries, such as America and
England. Secondly, I also desires to know more history, geography as
desire
good as cultures and traditions about these countries. But can you make a
well So
list of the books of me to read? Thank you sincerely in advance.
for
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
写作：
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms. I am in favor of this plan for the following reasons.
To begin with, everyone learns differently. Students can customize their iPad with materials that fit their level and learning style, and thus tailor it to different needs. Moreover, when connected to the Internet, students can interact with teachers and classmates about what they learn more conveniently. For the sake of environmental protection, opening iPad classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper. Most importantly, I believe students will develop their interests in the subjects by enjoying a new way of learning.
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration and we look forward to attending an iPad class in the near future.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
宜春市2017年高三模拟考试英语试卷听力部分录音稿
这是宜春市2017年高 三模拟考试英语试卷听力部分。该部分分为第一、第二两节。
注意：回答听力部分时, 请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前, 你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。
停顿00′5″
现在是听力试音时间。
M: Hello. International Friends Club. Can I help you?
W: Oh, hello. I read about your club in the paper today and I thought I’d phone to find out a bit more.
M: Yes, certainly, well, we’re a sort of social club for people from different countries. It’s quite a new club — we have about 50 members at the moment, but we’re growing all the time.
W: That sounds interesting.
试音到此结束。听力考试正式开始。
停顿00′5″
请看听力部分第一节。
(Text 1)
W:Can I have this CD, please?
M:OK. Are you paying with cash?
W:My mum’s going to pay — She’s coming now. But will you take a cheque? She’s forgotten her credit card.
M: Of course.
(Text 2)
W: That was great! I love playing beach volleyball.
M: Yes, it was. What’s next?
W: After lunch we’re going to build a tree house.
M: Cool! And tomorrow we’re going mountain biking. I love being outdoors.
(Text 3)
W: James, I have to put all of these boxes into the car. Any chance you could help me?
M: Can you give me a minute? I just need to make a quick phone call.
(Text 4)
W: Is there anything good on television this evening?
M: Let’s see. There’s that science-fiction film called Lost Planet at half past seven.
W: That’s a great film, but I’d rather watch something I haven’t seen before.
(Text 5)
W: What a disappointment! I was told that this restaurant was good, but the service is quite unacceptable.
M: Yeah. It has been rather slow. It seems each waiter is responsible for too many tables.
(Text 6)
M: Hi, Rebecca. Do you have any plans this weekend? If not, why don’t we go to enjoy a concert together?
W: Sorry, but I can’t go this week end. My mother is visiting from Georgia, and I want to show her around the city.
M: Well, how about meeting for dinner on Saturday night after you’ve shown her the sights? I know a great Japanese restaurant.
W: That would be great, but my mother doesn’t like Japanese food. Let’s meet at my place first and then decide where to go.
M: That’s OK.
(Text 7)
W: Gosh! We’ve been waiting for ages. What’s the matter?
M: Who knows? It always leaves on time, more or less. But in the middle of winter you have to expect the delay here sometimes. In fact, the trains also sometimes get held down by snow on the lines or the planes by fog on the runway. Actually, it’s probably rain that’s holding things up for us right now.
W: Well, I heard on the radio before I came out that there were some jams this morning, so even when we do finally get moving we’ll probably find that it’s going slow, especially as the rush hour’s now about to start.
M: Oh, bad luck!
(Text 8)
W: Brian, have you heard that Mr. Giddings will be awarded the p rize for Best Car Design at the Hyatt Hotel next week?
M: Yes, but I thought either Mr. Zarba or Ms. Miller would win. I feel they are more talented than Mr. Giddings.
W: They are excellent designers, too. The competition must have been fierce. Will the winner receive a lot of money?
M: Maybe, I don’t know. By the way, do you know where the Hyatt Hotel is?
W: It’s right across from the Bellagio Department Store on Granville Avenue, on the left side of a bank. The hotel just opened a week ago. I’ve heard they provide excellent food and service. Are you going to attend the ceremony?
M: Right.
W: Then why don’t we go together?
M: Good idea.
(Text 9)
M: Angelina, why don’t you go to any clubs at school?
W: I can’t decide which to go to, Dad. All my friends go to different ones!
M: Which club does your best friend, Sonya, go to?
W: She goes to a club where they learn to play different instruments and sing — at the moment they’re practising playing for a dance show at school.
M: Great. Does Lucy go, too? She likes that sort of thing.
W: But she also loves reading. They’re discussing some short stories about science at her club this month.
M: Right. Is there a Film Club?
W: Yes. Molly went last year, but said it was a boring club. So now she goes to the science one. They’re doing a project on color and light.
M: Interesting. Does Ella go to a club?
W: Yes, but I can’t go to her club because I don’t have a good enough camera.
M: Really? How about Katrina?
W: She’s just left Book Club, and joined the dance group instead. She thought it an exciting group.
M: Wow, all great clubs — a difficult choice!
(Text 10)
W: Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? Please listen to me for a moment. I want to tell you about the school trip to the Cookery School on 16th February. You have to be outside the school gate at 7:45 because the bus leaves from there at 8:00.
There are some great things to see and do at the Cookery School. We’ll see how you can grow your own vegetables in the science room. We’ll learn how to make pizza and chocolate cake in the kitchen, and then we’ll eat them in the dining room.
Now listen carefully! You need to give me £9.55 before Thursday, but please tell your parents that this includes the bus and £6.00 for lunch. You don’t have to make sandwiches for this trip and you can’t take any food into the Cookery School anyway.
Don’t forget. You’ll need a pencil but you don’t have to bring a notebook. We’ll prepare it for you. If your parents have any questions, they can e-mail me at ellapetts@grantschool.com. Remember that’s e-double l-a-p-e-double t-s. But actually I suggest they phone me at my office, since this is more convenient. My number is 3874928. OK. I think that’s it for now.
61. What does the author say about people"s sleeping habits?
A. They are culture-related.
B. They affect people"s health.
C. They change with the seasons.
D. They vary from person to person.
62, What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?
A)They don"t fall asleep until very late.
B. They don"t sleep much on weekends.
C. They get less sleep on public holidays.
D. They sleep longer than people elsewhere.
63. what is the major cause for Europeans" loss of sleep?
A. The daylight savings time.
B. The colorful night life.
C. The World Cup.
D. The summertime.
64. what is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleeppatterns?
A)They have trouble falling asleep.
B. They want to get sufficient sleep.
C. They are involved in a sleep research.
D. They want to go to bed on regular hours.
65. what does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Sleeplessness does harm to people"s health.
B. Few people really know the importance of sleep.
C. It is important to study our sleep patterns.
D. Average people probably sleep less than the rich.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样、丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。当地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生、为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂。
参考答案解析
1.D. 未听先知：四个选项均为描述事实状况的短语，结合选项中多次出现的meeting一词，以及details，next week和the man"s visit等，可以推断，对话内容与男士的出访和会面有关，而且此次会面尚未达成。
详解：女士询问男士什么时候方便到她所在的公司参观，男士说下个月几乎任何时间都行，可能接近周末的时间最好。由此可知，两人在谈论男士参观女士所在公司的时间，故答案为D.
2.C.未听先知：四个选项均为表示场所的短语，可以推测本题考查地点，听对话时注意捕捉提示对话发生场所的关键词。详解：女士请男士帮助她寻找一本关于南美洲的书，男士反问女士具体想要哪方面的书籍，因为他们
通过多种不同的方式对书籍进行归类。由此可知，对话发生在图书馆，故答案为C.
3.B. 未听先知：四个选项均以he cannot开头，可以推断对话中男士一定是遇到了某种问题，结合选项中出现的call，get through，phone number和public phone等词，可以进一步确定男士遇到的问题与电话有关。
详解：男士说他在尝试打电话到纽约，但一直没打通，询问女士能否帮助他，女士很爽快地答应，并让男士试试她的手机。由此可知，男士没办法打电话到纽约，故答案为B.
4.D. 未听先知：四个选项均为表示行为的动词短语，可以推断本题考查的内容与行为动作有关。结合选项中出现的with the woman和his thesis等词，可以进一步判定本题考查的是男士的行为动作，因此男士的话为听音重点。
详解：男士说他必须去哈德森教授的办公室讨论他的论文，如果时间允许的话，他希望回来后能和女士一起去看电影，而女士却说她不一定能赶得及，因为她现在要和简去购物。由此可知，男士首先要做的事情是与哈德森教授讨论他的论文，故答案为D.
5.C. 未听先知：四个选项的主语均为he，结合选项中多次出现的watch可以推断本题考查内容与男士的手表相关，听录音时注意与手表相关的内容。
详解：女士问男士为什么那么心烦和焦虑，男士说他整个上午一直在回忆，试图回想起来他把金表放到哪儿了，但一直都是徒劳。由此可知，男士仍然不知道他把金表放在哪儿了，故答案为C.
6.A. 未听先知：四个选项的主语均为he，结合选项中出现的forgot，slipped and hurt，sorry和sold等词，可以初步推断与男士相关的事实并不是特别好的事实，因此听录音时要注意捕捉与男士相关的信息。
详解：女士说她记得男士说过上周会给她打电话，与她讨论一下她要卖的那辆车，男士听到女士的话后，马上表示道歉，因为这件事completely slipped my mind，本题的关键在于理解短语slip one’s mind的含义，即“忘记”。也就是说，男士把这件事忘得一干二净，故答案为A.
7.C. 未听先知：四个选项均以she开头，结合选项中出现的absent，class，excuses和being late等词，可以推断女士上课出勤情况不好，对话内容应该围绕女士上课出勤情况展开。
详解：女士说她努力赶汽车，但没有赶上，所以上课才会迟到，男士却说又一个借口，并问她是不是连明天要说什么都准备好了。由此可知，男士认为女士总是在为她的迟到找借口，故答案为C.
8.B. 未听先知：四个选项均以he开头，结合选项中出现的move out of，buildin9，real estate agent和stay with等词，可以推断对话内容与男士的住房情况有关。
详解：男士说他住的那栋公寓楼月底前就要拆除了，他对此一筹莫展，女士告诉男士，她弟弟是房地产经纪人，应该能够为男士提供帮助。由此可知，男士必须在短期内搬离现在的住所，故答案为B.
9.How did the woman get to know about the mall’s company?
B. 详解：男士问女士是否曾通过他所在的机构找过工作，女士表示没有，但这家职业介绍所曾帮助她的朋友们找到过工作，由此推断，她是从朋友处得知这家职业介绍所的信息的，故答案为B.
10.What formal education did the woman receive?
C. 详解：对话中男士问女士曾在哪所学校上学，女士说她在South Town上的中学，然后又说，她l8岁之后就没有再接受过全日制教育，由此可知，女士所接受的最高程度的正规教育就是中学，故答案为C.
11.What do we learn about the woinan’s occupation?
A. 详解：对话中男士询问女士目前在哪里工作，女士回答说自己现在的工作是一名速记打字员，故答案为A.
12.What does the man say about his involvement with pubs?
C. 详解，对话中女士问男士他成为酒吧老板有多长时间了，男士回答说已经四年了，不过他从事与酒吧相关的工作断断续续已经有十年，故答案为C.
13.What characterizes the old-fashioned pub.according to tlIe man?
D. 详解:对话中男士说他现在的酒吧是那种人们普遍认为的传统酒吧，这种酒吧的特点就是会有很多社交活动，故答案为D。
14.What does the man say is most important in making a good pub?
C. 详解:当女士问男士怎样才能成为好酒吧时，男士说，首先要有合适的顾客，售卖合适的啤酒，并且酒要好，最重要的是，即使感觉很疲惫，也依然要保持良好的态度，这样才能让酒吧更成功，故答案为C.
15.What does the woman think of running a country pub?
A. 详解:对话结尾时，女士说，很多人都认为经营酒吧是一份很好的工作，每个人都说想在退休以后，开一家乡村酒吧，但女士却认为经营酒吧实际上是一份相当辛苦的工作。选项A)中的tough是原文中hard的同义转述，故答案为A.
16.What does the speaker say about drug abuse?
D. 详解:短文中提到，药物滥用是指合法或非法地使用药物，并对使用者本人或者与其亲近的人造成伤害，故答案为D.
17.What does the speaker say about recreational drug users?
B. 详解:短文中提到了不同类型的人使用药物的目的。其中提到，Recreational users take drugs to get high.即娱乐性毒品使用者吸毒是为了让自己兴奋，故答案为B.
18.What does the speaker say about drug dependence?
C.详解:短文最后一部分提到，虽然仅有很少几种药物会造成身体的依赖性，但若使用不当，几乎所有药物都会让人一直觉得他需要该药物，这时候已经晚了，因为他已经上瘾了。也就是说，药物依赖性很难根除，故答案为C.
19.What did Charles Harper think of while he was in hospital?
B. 详解：短文中提到，当查尔斯·哈柏因为心脏病发作而躺在医院康复时，他想象着一排健康美味的冷冻食品，故答案为B.
20.What does the passage say about the Healthy Choice product line before it went to market?
A. 详解：短文中提到，在真正投放到市场面向大众之前，Healthy Choice系列的食品经过了消费者的认真测试，故答案为A.
21.What is said to contribute to ConAgra’s business success?
B. 详解：短文中提到，ConAgra公司负责市场营销的副总裁认为，他们从低期待值中受益，产品比人们想象的更出色，故答案为B.
22.What does the speaker say about the naule Healthy Choice?
C. 详解：短文中提到，选择使用Healthy Choice这个商品名称，是因为它能给消费者以正面暗示，故答案为C.
23.What does the speaker say about the death penalty in the United States?
A. 详解：短文开头明确指出，在美国，目前有36个州允许对严重罪行执行死刑，比如谋杀。也就是说，美国大部分地区有死刑的存在，故答案为A.
24.Whatisthe focus of tlle debate around the death penalty?
B. 详解：短文提到，目前关于死刑存在一个重大问题：是否应该对被执行死刑的罪犯设置一个最低年龄限制，故答案为B.
25.What does the speaker say about James Terry Roach?
D. 详解:短文最后提到，1977年，詹姆斯·特里·罗奇当时l7岁，与两个朋友一起残忍地杀害了三个人，因此被判死刑。虽然他的律师提起上诉，但该州州长拒绝撤销死刑，最终他于l986年被执行死刑。由此可知，虽然罗奇在犯罪时仍是未成年人，但依然被执行了死刑。故答案为D.
26.transactions。详解:本句主语they为复数，因此空格处应该填入名词复数形式，作介词as的宾语。空格所在句分号前提到，大笔借款通常不是问题，而空格所在部分后半句中说条款都已经被白纸黑字地记录下来。由此可见，大笔借款被看作商业 交易。结合录音填人transactions，意为“交易，业务”。
27.in silence。详解:本句主干结构完整，此处应该填人副词或副词短语，充当状语，修饰动词suffer。由该句之后卡萝尔对自己遭遇的描述可以看出，她的朋友金尼经常向她借钱，但从来没有还过，虽然数目不大，而卡萝尔也觉得不好意思，没有要求她还钱，也就是说，她对朋友的行为是默默地忍受：结合录音填入in silence，意为“默默地”。
28.short of。详解:此处填入的词或词组应该能够连接系动词is和空格后的名词cash，描述主语金尼与金钱之间的关系。空格所在句后一句中说，金尼经常向卡萝尔借上一两美元买饮料或者电影票，也就是说，金尼比较缺钱。结合录音填入short of，意为“缺少，缺乏”。
29.resent。详解:此处应该填入动词，作句子的谓语。空格所在句及其前两句都是在描述卡萝尔的朋友向她借钱不还，说明卡萝尔对朋友这样的行为表示反感。结合录音填人resent，意为“愤恨，怨恨，憎恶”。
30.embarrassed。详解:此处位于副词t00之后，应该填入形容词。由于朋友只是借上一两美元，如果要求还钱，让人感觉有点小题大做。因此，卡萝尔感觉不好意思让朋友还钱。结合录音填入embarrassed，意为“困窘的，尴尬的”。
31.spare。详解:空格前是情态动词的否定形式couldn"t，因此，此处应该填入动词原形，与couldn’t起作从句的谓语。由于朋友总是借钱不还，而卡萝尔又不好意思向朋友要求还钱，时间长了，卡萝尔决定不再借钱给朋友，再结合本句句首的the last time可以判断，从这一次起，卡萝尔拒绝借钱给朋友。因此，她告诉朋友她没钱可借。结合录音填入spare，意为“提供(时间、钱等);匀出，分出”。
32.response。详解:此处应该填入名词单数形式，与不定冠词a搭配，作句子的宾语。卡萝尔拒绝再借钱给朋友的方式是说她没钱可借，而另外一位女士的建议更为大胆，本句后面就给出了那位女士在朋友借钱时的反应。结合录音填人response，意为“反应，回答”。
33.turn the tables。详解:此处应该填入动词或动词短语，充当句子的谓语。这位女士的回答更为大胆，当有人借钱不还时，她不是被动忍受，而是扭转局面，主动出击，向朋友提出要求。结合录音填入turn the tables，意为“扭转局面，转败为胜”。
34.reization。详解:空格位于不定冠词a和形容词sudden之后，因此应该填入单数名词，作介词by的宾语。当把钱拿到手后，这位女士才表现出突然想起来的样子，说这和你上次借我的一样多呢!结合录音填人realization，意为“意识，领悟”。
35.convenient。详解:此处应该填入形容词或副词，与how一起构成感叹句。女士假装刚刚反应过来，并告诉对方，她这次借的和对方欠她的一样多，这样省得对方再还钱了，还真是省事呢!结合录音填入convenient，意为“方便的，便利的”。
36.N.saw。详解：动词辨析题。本空位于两个名词之间，而且late November and December作句子的主语，因此应填入动词作谓语。此处意思是ll月底和12月已经有了初雪，应填入含有该层意思的动词。备选动词中，G.experiences和N.saw符合句意，但本段第一句用了一般过去时，此句承接第一句，因此也应该用一般过去时，故答案为N.saw。本题也可以先根据时态将选项范围缩小至B)associated、C.bore、E.communicated和N.saw，再根据句意排除B.、C.和E.
37.F.decades。详解：名词辨析题。本空位于数词之后，故应填入名词。此处意为：二以来第一次有记录的寒冷天数可能超过有记录的温暖天数。由句意可知本空应填人表示时间的名词，故答案为F.decades“十年”。two后面应填人复数名词，因此可将选项范围缩小至D.chances、F.decades、G.experiences和K.populations，再根据句意排除D.、G.和K.
38.H.globally。详解：副词辨析题。本句属于主系表结构，并不缺少主要成分，因此应填入副词作状语。本段第一、二句讲的是美国2013年ll月底和12月比往年冷，第三句开始转折，说美国是特例。本句进一步解释说11月是最暖和的，应该是将美国和全球其他国家对比得出的，因此答案为H)globally。备选副词I.logically不符合句意，因此排除。
39.D)chances。详解：名词辨析题。本空位于原因状语从句的系动词are之前，故应填入名词作主语。本句是对2014年天气的预测：2014年会更热，也许是有记录以来最热的年份。由perhaps可知本空应填入有“可能”含义的名词，故答案为D.chances。
40.J.occurs。详解：动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格位于主语ElNifi0之后，应填入动词作谓语。本句解释什么是厄尔尼诺现象，句意为：当南太平洋表层海水温度异常升高时，厄尔尼诺就会一。因此本空应填入有“出现;发生”含义的词，故答案为J.occurs。本题也可以根据句子成分逐步分析，本句中，El Nifio是主语，Spanish for“the child”是其同位语，when引导时间状语从句。同位语是对其前面名词的进一步解释说明，去掉并不影响句子的结构，在分析时可以省略，因此可判断本句缺少谓语动词。另外，本段在介绍厄尔尼诺现象时，用的都是现在时，可以将选择范围缩小至动词G.experiences和J.Occurs，再根据句意排除G.
41.A.additional。详解:形容词辨析题。本空位于定冠词the和名词energy之间，因此应填入形容词作修饰语。句意为：由于温度升高带来的能量足以引发全球一系列的天气变化。温度升高必然会带来额外的能量，故答案为A.additional“额外的，附加的”。备选的形容词只有A.additional、B.associated和0.specific，可根据句意排除B和0。
42.B.associated。详解:动词辨析题。本空位于系动词are之后，应填入形容词或可作表语的分词、动词被动语态。本题前一句提到厄尔尼诺现象足以引发全球一系列的天气变化，本句对此举例说明，指出厄尔尼诺与东南亚和澳大利亚的极端干旱天气有关。因此应填入含有“相关的”含义的词，故答案为B.associated。符合条件的备选词中，A.additional、C.bore、E.communicated和O.specific均不能与with搭配，故排除。
43.G.experiences。详解:动词辨析题。本空位于两个名词(词组)之间，应填入动词作谓语。本句仍然在说明厄尔尼诺带来的天气变化，南北美洲部分地区极端降雨，即便是在非洲南部干旱的时候。由句意可知，本空应填入有“遭受”含义的动词，故答案为G.experiences。另外，本段在介绍厄尔尼诺现象，用的都是现在时，可以将选择范围缩小至动词G.experiences和J.occurs，而0ccurs已在上文用过，故排除。
44.M.reduce。详解:动词辨析题。本空位于情态动词Can之后，应填入动词原形。本句意为：厄尔尼诺会寒冷但营养丰富的海水的上升。根据本段第一句可知，厄尔尼诺发生意味着海水温度升高，自然不利于寒冷海水的上升，故答案为M.reduce。备选动词L.realize不符合句意，故排除。
45.K.populations。详解:名词辨析题。本空位于句末名词之后，应填入名词。that引导的定语从句的意思是：这些海水供养着大量的鱼。由句意可知，此处意为“鱼群”，故答案为K.populations。备选名词中D.chances、F.decades和G.experiences均在上题中已选，而N)saw显然与句意不符，因此均排除。
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56，A. 定位:由题干中的happening to the wallet定位至第一段第一句：The wallet is heading for extinction.
详解:事实细节题。第一段第一句开篇便点明钱包正走向灭绝。因此A.“它正在消失”符合文意，故为答案。
点睛:B.“它正在变厚”、C.“它正变得昂贵”和D.“它的样式正发生变化”在原文中均未提及，因此均排除。
57.B. 定位：由题干中的in big modern stores定位至第一段第六、七句：At the most cutting edge retail stores--Victoria Beckham Off Dover Street，for instance—_yoU don、go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay.the staff axe equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.
详解：事实细节题。第一段第六句举例说明在最前沿的商店里人们如何付款。第七句提到，店员都配有平板电脑，顾客在沙发上休息时就可以付账。由此可知，在大型现代商店里，商业交易是通过电子设备完成的，故答案为B.
点睛：A.“单独地”在原文中并未提及，排除;C.“抽象地”，原文只是说货币的概念被抽象化，并没有说交易抽象地完成，因此排除;D.“通过收银台”，与本段第六句提到的“不需要站在任何收银台前”矛盾，因此排除。
58.D. 定位：由题干中的makes the author feel uncomfortable定位至第二段第二至五句：But across society，the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy.Maybe I"m just old fashioned.But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us.Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in haft a blink(眨眼)ofan eye?
详解：事实细节题。第二段介绍作者的看法。现金概念的抽象化使作者感到不安。究其原因是作者认为挣钱不容易，而花钱却在转瞬间，故答案为D.
点睛;A.“省钱成为了过去”和C.“挣钱变得更加困难”在原文中并未提及，因此排除;B)“周五晚上：人愉悦的感觉正在消退”，与原文不符，因此排除。
59.A. 定位：由题干中的why和what’s happening to the wallet定位至第三段第二句：What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment.
详解：事实细节题。what’s happening to the wallet指的是钱包正走向灭绝。第三段继续介绍作者对钱包即将灭绝的看法。第二旬提到，钱包的消失给我带来的困扰是关于它所代表的实体环境的改变。因此A.“它代表现代世界的一个改变”符合文意，故为答案。
点睛： B.“它与每个人的生活有关”和C.“它标志着一个历史悠久的传统的结束”都是原文流露的事实，并不是作者写作的原因，因此排除;D.“它是当代经济学家所关心的事”是对第三段第一旬But I’II leave the economics to the expels.的曲解，因此排除。
60.D. 定位：由题干定位至第二段第二句：But across society，the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy.以及第三段第二句：What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment.
详解：推理判断题。由定位句可以看出，作者对钱包走向灭绝感到不安和困惑，而钱包灭绝正是代表着社会的变化，因此D.“他在不断变化的现代世界中感到不安”符合文意，该选项中的insecure对应定位句中的uneasy和bother，故答案为D.
点睛：A.“他反对社会变革”和B.“他反对技术进步”在原文中均未提及，因此排除;C.“他不愿 意与传统的钱包告别”是对原文第三段最后两句Show your wallet，if you still have one.It may not be here much longer.的解释.过于片面，并不是文章中作者表达的主要意图，因此排除。
61.A. 定位：由题干中的sleeping habits定位到第一段：Everybody sleeps，but what people stay up late to Catch or wake up early in order not to miss--varies by culture.
详解：事实细节题。文章首段后半句指出，人们为了赶上什么而熬夜或者为了不错过什么而早起，却因文化的不同而存在差异。由此可见，人们的睡眠习惯与文化有关，故答案为A.
点腈:文章第一段提到人们的睡眠与文化有关，第二段又提到影响人们睡眠的几个主要因素：体育赛事、时间变更和假期，并未提到睡眠习惯与健康、季节以及个人之问的关系，故B)“它们影响人们的健康”、C.“它们随着季节而改变”和D.“它们因人而异”三项均可以排除。
62.C. 定位:由题干中的the Russians regarding sleep定位到第四段第一句：Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays.
详解:推理判断题。文章第四段第一句指出，俄罗斯其他熬夜或早起的日子基本上与公共假期相一致。故本题答案为C.
点睛:A.“他们直到很晚才睡觉”，文章第三段提到俄罗斯改为冬令时后，俄罗斯人起床时间比以前晚了，并且第四段提到他们会在假期里早起或晚睡，A)项说法太绝对，故可以排除;B)“他们周末睡得不多”，文章第六段提到美国人会在三日周末熬夜、晚起以及睡得最长，B)项属于张冠李戴，故可以排除;D.“他们比其他地方的人睡的时间更长”，文章第三段提到俄罗斯改为冬令时后，俄罗斯人起床时间比以前晚了，但这推断不出“他们比其他地方的人睡的时间更长”，故可以排除。
63.C. 定位:由题干中的Europeans’loss of sleep定位到第八段：The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation(剥夺).The worst night for sleep in the U.K.was the night of the England Italy match...compared to Germans.Italians，and the French，who stayed up...to watch the Cup.
详解:推理判断题。文章第八段首句指出，世界杯也应承担剥夺人们睡眠的主要责任。最后两句用英国人、德国人、意大利人和法国人熬夜看世界杯的例子来论证。因此，欧洲人缺乏睡眠的主要原因是为了看世界杯，故本题答案为C.
点睛:文章第三段提到俄罗斯改为冬令时后，俄罗斯人起床时间比以前晚了，夏令时的结束对俄罗斯人的睡眠造成了影响，而非欧洲人，故可以排除A.“夏令时”;文章并未提到欧洲人的夜生活是否丰富，B.“丰富的夜生活”属于无中生有，故可以排除;文章第八段第三句提到.夏天北方国家太阳几乎不会落下，由此导致英国人比平时醒得早一些，但是第四句用though转折指出这与德国人、意大利人和法国人为了看世界杯熬夜相比根本不算什么，即夏天并非导致欧洲人缺少睡眠的主要原因，故可以排除D.“夏天”。
64.B. 定位:由题于中的a device to record their sleep patterns定位到最后一段第一、二句.Not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns…only the richest people d0.And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.
详解：事实细节题。文章最后一段前两句指出，并不是每个人都有设备记录自己的睡眠模式，在以上一些国家中，可能只有最富有的人才这样做;那些选择追踪自己睡眠的人也许是想要获得比普通人更多的睡眠。即富人记录自己睡眠模式最可能的原因是他们想要充足的睡眠，故本题答案为B.
点睛：A.“他们难以入睡”和C.“他们参与了一项关于睡眠的研究”，文章并未提及，故可以排除;D.“他们想在固定的时间睡觉”，文章最后一段首句提到他们用设备记录A己的睡眠时间，并未提到他们是想要在固定的时间睡觉，故可以排除。
65.B. 定位：由题干定位到最后一段.people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleepthan the average person.If the most health·conscious among us have such deep swings in Our shuteye levels throughout the year，how much sleep are the rest of us losing?
详解：推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句提到，这一整年里，如果我们中最具健康意识的人的睡眠时间都有这么大的浮动，那我们其余的人又失去了多少睡眠呢?换句话说，人们对睡眠不够重视，故本题答案为B. 点睛： A.“失眠对健康有害”，题干问的是作者在最后一段暗示了什么，A.并非作者暗示的内容，故可以排除;C.“研究我们的睡眠模式很重要”，文章并未提及这一点，故可以排除;D.“普通人可能比富人睡得少”，文章最后一段前两句提到了富人用设备记录自己的睡眠时间，可能是想要获得比普通人更多的睡眠.并没有提到普通人和富人之间谁睡眠时间更多的问题，故可以排除。
参考译文：Lijiang, an ancient town in Yunnan Province, is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China. The life tempo there is slower than that of most Chinese cities. There is beautiful natural scenery everywhere in Lijiang, and many minorities provide tourists with various and colorful cultural experience. It has also been known as the "City of Love" in history. Numerous legends about people who were born for love and died for love circulate among the local folk. Nowadays, this ancient town is regarded as the paradise of love and romance in the eyes of both Chinese and foreign visitors.
1.翻译第一句时，首先要确定主语。一种译法是将“丽江”作为主语，将“云南省的古镇”译为“丽江”的同位语。另一种译法是直接将“云南省的丽江古镇”作为主语，即Lijiang ancient town ofYunnan Province。相比而言，第一种译法更地道、更简洁。此外，要注意汉语中的地名翻译成英语时，只有第一个字母大写，而且拼音之间没有空格。“旅游目的地”译为tourist attractions或travel destinations皆可。
2.翻译第二句时，需要用到形容词比较级结构，要注意than前后对比的内容是同样的，这里是丽江的生活节奏和大多数中国城市的生活节奏相比较，因此后面要用that指代life tempo，以避免重复，即译成that of most Chinese cities。“生活节奏”也可译为the pace of life。
3.翻译第三句时，可以同参考译文一样用and连接两个简单句，也可拆译为两个句子。“美丽的自然风光”也可译为natural beauties。“提供”译为provide，搭配有provide sb.with sth.和provide sth.for sb.。这里sb.是tourists，较简洁，因此选用第一种搭配，避免头重脚轻式的结构。“各式各样”除了用various之外，还可以用avariety of。
4.第四句较简单，“以……闻名”有多种译法，除了be known as之外，还有be famous for/be well.known for/berenowned for等。因为第一句用到了famous，所以最好选用be famous for以外的表达，以避免重复。
5.翻译第五句时，可将“关于因爱而生、为爱而死的故事”译为包含定语从句的结构，或者译为stories of peopleborn for love and dying for love，用born和dyin9两个分词作后置定语修饰people。“流传”除了用circulate之外，还可以译为be handed down。
6.翻译第六句时，可以同参考译文一样使用被动语态，也可以将both Chinese and foreign visitors译作主语，用主动语态。不过用被动语态为佳，这样更突出强调丽江古镇。“被视为”有多种译法，除了用be regarded as以外，还可以译为be deemed as/be seen as/be considered as/be treated as/be thought of as等。“中外游客”还可以译为tourists from both home and abroado
初三的学生在中考前，会参加二模的考试，多做一些试题是语文获得好成绩的关键。小编为大家力荐了西华县初三语文二模试题以及参考答案，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!
西华县初三语文二模试题
一、积累与运用(共28分)
1.下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一项是( ) (2分)
A.创伤/开创 便利/大腹便便 气冲斗牛/斗转星移
B.试卷/奖券 赝品/笑靥如花 不卑不亢/引吭高歌
C.挑剔/剔透 分量/棱角分明 日薄西山/对簿公堂
D.字帖/剪贴 契合/锲而不舍 前倨后恭/虎踞龙盘
2.下列词语中，没有错别字的一项是( ) (2分)
A.安详 电饼铛 苛尽职守 蹑手蹑脚
B.分歧 干燥剂 破釜沉舟 厉兵秣马
C.跌宕 大母指 独辟蹊径 穷兵黩武
D.诟骂 哈密瓜 鞭辟入理 获益匪浅
3.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一项是( ) (2分)
无论何时何地，个人卫生都是人类文明中的一个重要项目。 。 。
， ， 。
①中国汉字中，“沐”即为洗头之意
②虽说古人对化工成分所知甚少，但自然界本身已经有了丰富的原料
③及至清朝，洗发已经有花露、鸡卵、香皂等全面用品了
④东汉年间的《说文解字》中已有明确的解释：“沐”，濯发也
⑤肥皂之类的东西很早就有了，《千金方》中就记载过“澡豆”
A.①②⑤④③ B.⑤③④①② C.④①⑤③② D.①④②⑤③
4.古诗文默写。(8分)
(1)___________________，东风无力百花残。(李商隐《无题》)
(2) ，征于色发于声而后喻。(孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》)
(3)郦道元在《三峡》中用侧面描写 的手法，衬托出山势高耸入云，给人以雄浑壮丽之感的句子是：“__________________， 。”
(4)运用典故，往往能让诗歌含蓄精炼、神韵深远。刘禹锡“ ，
”(《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》)运用典故，表达作者被贬谪的时间长久，以及回归之后生疏而怅惘的心情;杜牧的“ ，
”(《赤壁》)一句，以两个美女象征国家命运，表达了英雄无用武之地的抑郁不平之气。
5.名著阅读 。(任选一题作答)(4分)
(1)挫折是人生的试金石。祥子和保尔都遇到了不少挫折，但他们做出的选择并不相同，请你结合作品中有关内容谈谈你的阅读收获。
(2)名著是“经过时间检验和沉淀”的故事精华，是人类灵魂绽放的灿烂思想之花。请从下列作品中任选一部，简述与主人公相关的故事情节，并说说你对主人公经历的体会感悟。
《丑小鸭》(《安徒生童话》) 《灰姑娘》(《格林童话》)
①相关情节
②收获感悟
6.综合性学习。阅读下面材料，完成第(1)～(3)题(共10分)
材料一：国际在线消息(记者丁宁)：4月22日晚，荷兰国王威廉-亚历山大在王宫为习近平主席到访举行盛大国宴。荷兰传奇球星范德萨也获邀出席。他向习近平表示，荷兰在培养青少年球员方面经验丰富，愿意和中方寻求合作。“中国人非常喜欢足球，我认为中国的足球应该从娃娃抓起。”习近平微笑着与范德萨握手并说：“中国领导人邓小平就曾经提出足球要从娃娃抓起，我们正在这么做，我们要让足球全面走进校园。”
习近平对足球的钟爱广为人知，而作为世界级门将，范德萨曾经先后代表荷兰国家队参加过世界杯、欧洲杯等诸多赛事，是一位传奇球星。
范德萨告诉习近平，荷兰有很好的足球俱乐部，在培养青少年球员方面经验丰富，非常愿意与中方加强交流。习近平表示，这个建议很好，回国后会转告给中国足球主管部门，双方可以探讨合作。
材料二：右图是新华社刊发的题为《托起未来》一幅漫画。
(1)给材料一的新闻拟写一则标题。(不超过25个字。)(2分)
(2)仔细观察材料二漫画，请说明画面中的内容。(要求：①采用总分总的结构方式。②运用合理的说明顺序。)(4分)
(3)你认为发展校园足球对中小学生的身心健康发展有哪些意义?关于发展校园足球，请你给家长和学校提一些建议。(4分)
①意义
②给家长建议
③给学校建议
二、现代文阅读(共28分)
(一)阅读下文，完成7～10题。(共15分)
爱之寻 朱成玉
①母亲这一生，似乎已习惯了寻找。小时候，母亲总是做好饭后开始寻找，寻找我们回家吃饭，因为她的嗓门不够响亮，不像左邻张大妈声如洪钟响彻云霄，也不像右舍李阿姨京韵十足绕梁三日，在我印象里，母亲很少大声说过话，所以她不喊，只是去寻找。她大致可以知道我们玩耍的地方，所以，每次也都可以很顺利地找到我们。
②可是也有例外，因为我顽劣，有时候故意和母亲“藏猫猫”，让她找不到我，她只好一声高过一声地唤我，直到我的耳膜受不了，才跑出来扑进她的怀里。她嗔 怪我，照我的屁股打几下，却一点都不疼，反而有些痒。不过，我还是看到母亲额头的汗水，感受到了她的焦急，所以，从此也就不再故意藏起来了。
③放学的时候，如果赶上下雨天，我总是不去躲避，故意让自己淋湿。快到家门口的时候，如果雨点小，我还会在雨里多呆一会儿，只为了母亲带着雨伞跑出来寻我，回家后心疼地帮我换衣服，帮我擦头发，把我抱在怀里为我驱寒。然后顾不得自己浑身已湿透，又跑出去，并叮嘱我，“在家好好待着，我去寻你姐姐，她也没有带伞呢!”
④找完姐姐，还有哥哥。母亲心心念念，一遍遍寻找，就因为我们是她的骨肉!
⑤母亲事无巨细，为我们操碎了心。
⑥有一次我要出一趟远差，母亲当成天大的事一般，不一会就惊呼一声“对了”，然后就小跑着去了附近的店铺，买了东西回来就往我的包里塞。不一会儿又跑出去了，直到把包塞得满满，可还是觉得缺少什么似的。车子马上要开了，她又惊呼了一声“对了”，我说：“妈，够了，啥都不缺了，包都要爆炸啦。”她还是小跑着去了，很快回来。她竟然为我买了一块带指南针的手表，她说我总是爱迷路，带着这块手表，总会有些用处的。
⑦母亲算好的时间，我那边刚一下车，电话就打过来了。问我旅途是否顺利，问我是否迷路，问我指南针是否派上了用场……让我哭笑不得。
⑧我知道，有母亲在，一颗心，就永远不会迷路。即便真的迷路了，天涯海角，母亲也会把我寻回来!
⑨从小到大，一直都是母亲在寻我们，可是有一天，母亲忽然失踪了，换成了我们去寻找她。母亲患有间歇性的失忆症，某个时间段，就忽然什么都不记得了，这可急坏了我们，我们满大街去找也没找到，没办法，只好去派出所求助。到了派出所，正好看到母亲坐在椅子上，焦急地向外张望。原来是遇到好心人了，没办法问出来母亲的住址，只好送到了派出所。
⑩我们不禁埋怨起母亲来，明知道自己有间歇性失忆症，还自己一个人走。恢复记忆的母亲像个犯了错的孩子，不停地搓着手，喃喃地说，“我只是想去买点儿荞麦，知道你们今天要回来，想给你们做荞麦蒸饺。”
⑪我们一时无语，母亲无时无刻想的不是我们啊。
⑫周末回到母亲身边，早上起床，我的袜子又习惯性地单飞了，我也习惯性地喊着：“妈，帮我把袜子拿来。”喊完之后我才猛然想起，母亲的眼睛已经看不见任何东西了。我赶紧从卧室跑出来，却看见母亲正跪在客厅的地板上，双手一点点向床下探着，满地摸索着我那只淘气的袜子。
⑬寻找，只是母爱的一个小小注解，是母亲浩如烟海的爱里的一朵浪花， 是母亲盘根错节的爱里的一绺根须。但就是这一个小小注解，解开了爱的千古之谜;就是这一朵浪花，泄露了大海的古道热肠;就是这一绺根须，缠绕着我们一生，让我们的心，一寸一寸，生出古朴的根。
7.通读全文，根据故事情节和提示，补充空缺的内容。(4分)
①小时候，母亲总是在做好饭后和下雨天寻找“我”、姐姐和哥哥。
② 。
③ 。
④双目失明的母亲跪在地板上为“我”找袜子。
8.从人物描写 的角度品析第③段画线句的表达效果。(3分)
9.文章最后一段在全文中的作用是什么?(4分)
10.对作者来说，母亲的一生就是寻找的一生，其实，寻找是表象，关爱才是本质。在你的成 长中，你能发现你父(母)亲的哪一个特点吗，请你也用一个词概括出来，并谈谈你对父(母) 亲这一特点的认识。(4分)
(二)阅读下文，完成11～14题。(共13分)
方块汉字的前途之争
①方块汉字的前途，是我国知识界争论的百年话题。
②对于汉字的批评，首先来自其复杂难学，历史上只为少数人所掌握。“五四”运动后推行白话文、拟定注音字母，进一步的主张就是废除方块字、实行拼音化。然而建国后的实践表明：通过汉字简化和义务教育，汉字完全可以为大众所掌握，本身并不是造成文盲的主要原因。
③时至今日，废除方块字的主张不再活跃，流行的一种观点是方块字不适合于科学表达，不如拼音文字那样逻辑分明，因此汉字可以用来传承文化而不适用于发展科学。其实这里混淆了科学发展的传统背景和语言载体本身的特色。国人撰写的学术论文，无论用的是中文还是英文，往往有着论证不严、逻辑不清的毛病，这里既有我国传统文化中不利于科学发展的遗传病，也有在近代封闭条件下形成的恶习惯。文字无辜，这些毛病不该记在文字头上。
④计算机技术的发展，为各种文字的前途提供了重新排队的机会。对于二进制的计算机编码而言，一个汉字只相当于两个拼音字母。同一个文本，汉字的篇幅最短，输入计算机的速度也最快。汉字直观，承载的信息量远大于拼音文字。更重要的是汉字信息熵最高，有限数量的方块字经过搭配，可以构成无限多的新词;而依靠拼音字母的英文，需要不断制造新的单词才能 表达不断出现的新概念。因此，汉字常用的只有几千字，而英语的词汇量早已超过40万，在应对新概念大量涌现的科学发展中并无优势。
⑤语言是文化传承的主角，以汉语作为载体的中华文化，在科学创新中应当具有潜在的优势。一种文化能够保持几千年而不衰，其中必有原因。值得参考的是犹太民族，三千年历史有两千年流离失散，却始终坚守着犹太教和希伯来文。在外界压力下，犹太人凭着对知识和智慧的重视，以一千多万的人口，赢得了世界四分之一的诺贝尔奖。华夏文化同样具有尊重知识和智慧的传统，是不是也在深处蕴藏着科学创新的基因，从而也有问鼎世界科学顶峰的前景?(选自《文汇报》，有删改)
11.根据文意回答：有人认为汉字没有前途的理由是什么?(3分)
12.指出第④段中划线句运用的说明方法，并结合内容分析其作用。(3分)
13.第③段中加点的“往往”一词能否去掉?请结合内容说明。(3分)
14.结合文章和下面材料说明：“砼”字体现了汉字在科学表达方面具有哪些优势?(4分)
【链接材料】“为了方便读写，我国著名结构学家蔡方荫将‘混凝土’一词简化为‘人工石’，后又将这三个字组合成一个新字——‘砼(tóng)’。现‘砼’字已被广泛采用于各类建筑工程的书刊中。” ——百度百科
三、古诗文阅读 (共14分)
(一)阅读下面两个语段，完成15～18题。(共10分)
(一)水陆草木之花，可爱者甚蕃。晋陶渊明独爱菊。自李唐来，世人甚爱牡丹。予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝.香远益清，亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。
予谓菊，花之隐逸者也;牡丹，花之富贵者也;莲，花之君子者也。噫!菊之爱，陶后鲜有闻。莲之爱，同予者何人?牡丹之爱，宜乎众矣。
(周敦颐《爱莲说》)
(二)与善人居，如入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香，即与之化矣;与不善人居，如入鲍鱼之肆，久而不闻其臭，亦与之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是以君子必慎其所处者焉。 (选自《孔子家语》)
【注释】居：交往。 善：品德高尚。 芝兰之室：兰、芷，两种香草;用来比喻良好的环境。 鲍鱼之肆：肆，店铺; 鲍鱼：即渍鱼，有腥臭;卖渍鱼的店铺叫鲍鱼之 肆，比喻小人集聚的地方。 丹之所藏者赤：朱砂所放的地方一定是红色，比喻交朋友必须谨慎选择。 是以：所以，因此。
15.下列各组句子中，加点词语意思相同的一项是( ) (2分)
A.宜 ①宜乎众矣 ②诚宜开张圣听 (《出师表》)
B.观 ①可远观而不可亵玩焉 ②此则岳阳楼之大观也(《岳阳楼记》)
C.出 ①出淤泥而不染 ②出则无敌国外患(《生于忧患，死于安乐》)
D.之 ①花之君子者也 ②录毕，走送之
16.把语段(一)中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(2分)
莲之爱，同予者何人?
17.语段(一)运用了什么表现手法?作者以此表现了怎样的人生态度?(3分)
18.语段(二)中“丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑”这句话很容易让我们联想到哪一句谚语?再结合“是以君子必慎其所处者焉”，请用自己的话谈谈孔子在这里要告诉我们怎样的道理。(3分)
(二)阅读下面一首诗，完 成19～20题。(共4分)
使至塞上
王 维
单车欲问边，属国过居延。征蓬出汉塞，归雁入胡天。
大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆。萧关逢候骑，都护在燕然。
19.请从炼字角度，赏析颈联中的“直”和“圆”两个字。(2分)
20.请分析诗歌颔联运用的修辞手法和表达的思想感情。(2分)
四、作文 (50分)
21.任选一题作文 。
(1)题目：我体会了 的力量
要求：①先在横线上填写合适的词语，把题目补充完整，然后作文。
②除诗歌外，文体不限。不少于600字。
③文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名。
(2)读下面的材料，然后作文。
1970年，美国哈佛大学对当年毕业学生进行了一次关于人生目标的调查：27%的人，没有目标;60%的人，目标模糊;10%的人，有清晰但比较短期的目标;3%的人，有清晰而长远的目标。
1995年，哈佛大学再次对这批学生进行了跟踪调查，结果是这样的：3%的人，25年间他们朝着一个既定的方向不懈努力，现在几乎都成为社会各界的成功人士，其中不乏行业领袖、社会精英;10%的人，他们的短期目标不断实现，成为各个行业、各个领域中的专业人士，大都生活在社会的中上层;60%的人，他们安稳地生活与工作，但都没什么特别突出的成绩，他们几乎都生活在社会的中下层;剩下27%的人，他们的生活没有目标，过得很不如意，并且常常在抱怨他人、抱怨社会、抱怨这个“不肯给他们机会”的世界。
要求：①根据材料寓意，选好角度作文，题目自拟。
②除诗歌外，文体不限。不少于600字。
③文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名。
西华县初三语文二模试题答案解析
1、B
2、B
3、D
4、(1)相见时难别亦难
(2)困于心衡于虑而后作
(3)自非亭午夜分，不见曦月
(4)怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人
东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔
(每空1分，有错字该空不得分。共8分)
5、(1)示例：祥子经历了连人带车被大兵抓走、被孙侦探敲诈、妻死卖车之后，从憨厚老实，对生活充满希望的人变成一具行尸走肉。保尔失去工作能力后，能战胜自杀念头，克服常人难以想象的困难，完成伟大的作品。这告诉我们不管周围的环境多么恶劣，遇到的挫折有多大，只要保持一颗坚定的向上之心，就一定能获得希望，走出困境，取得成功。
(“情节”符合原著内容2分，“收获”符合人物经历2分)
(2)《丑小鸭》故事情节：丑小鸭很丑，谁都不喜欢它，还被许多动物甚 至是鸭子歧视和欺辱。它独自流浪，遇到狂风暴雨、猛狮、猎狗等，经历种种磨难，差点被冻死。但它毫不气馁，勇敢的承受了一切，凭着百折不挠的精神，坚定地追求自己的理想。最终，它变成了世界上最美丽的白天鹅!
体会和感悟：通往成功和辉煌的 道路上不可避免地充满着挫折、艰辛和磨难。但是，只要你有一颗勇敢坚强、追求向上的心，只要你坚持不懈、永不放弃，就能走过人生的坎坷，走向人生的彩虹。
《灰姑娘》故事情节：一个孝顺且心地善良的女孩子，长期受到继母和姐妹们的虐待，在厨房里做女佣，每天都是灰头土脸的。但由于她善待小动物，而且孝心感动上天，得到了仙女的帮助。在历尽继母和姐妹们的阻挠后，终于和王子快乐地生活在了一起。
体会和感悟：不管环境多么艰难，也要有一颗爱心。做一个善良的人，就一定会得到好的回报。
(语言通顺、言之有理即可)
6、(1)①习近平荷兰国宴遇超级门将 强调足球要从娃娃抓起
②习近平荷兰国宴与门神畅谈 强调要让足球走进校园
(2)示例：该漫画由并排站立的两名学生和他们共同托起的一个足球组成。站在左边胸前位置写有“校园”字样的男同学的右臂内侧，以及站在右边胸前位置写有“足球”字样的女同学的左臂内侧，都分别夹着一个足球。并且他们两人另外一只高高举起的手掌中，则共同托起一个写有“中国足球”字样的大大的足球。
(3)示例：①踢足球能强身健体，缓解学习压力，培养团队合作意识，培养积极向上永不服输的精神。
②对家长：改变错误观念，支持孩子踢足球。
③对学校：切实搞好素质教育，让体育教师多参加足球培训。
7、②“我”出远差，母亲不停地往“我”包里塞东西，担心“我”迷路，竟给“我”买了一件带有指南针的手表。
③为了给“我们”做荞麦蒸饺，出外去买荞麦面粉，母亲途中失忆，恢复记忆的她像个犯错的孩子。
(意思对即可，每空2分，共4分)
8、运用动作、语言描写，“换、擦、抱”等一系列动作，表现母亲怕“我”淋雨受寒的急切心情。“又跑出去，叮嘱我”表现了母亲怕姐姐淋雨急于寻找姐姐的迫切心情。表现了母亲对我们的关爱。
9、结构上：用抒情收束全文，照应标题和开头。内容上：点明“寻找”只是母亲对子女无限关爱的一种表现形式。因为母亲的爱，我们“永远”不会感到孤独寒冷，而这种爱也滋养了我们，让我们懂得了珍惜爱，传递爱。
10、示例：母亲的“唠叨”——在我的记忆力，母亲对我们每时每刻都在“唠叨”，“快点起床!还不睡觉?”“多吃点饭 ，瞧你瘦的”“别老吃那么多，长胖!注意安全注意身体”“好好看书呀”“诚实守信、对得起良心”……渐渐长大，我发现母亲的唠叨中夹带温情、叮嘱中不免担忧、教诲中不乏哲理，都是深深的爱意，满满的幸福!
11、①汉字复杂难学，历史上只为 少数人所掌握。②方块字不适合于科学表达(“不适用于发展科学”或“逻辑不分明”)。
(4分，每点2分。扣住“复杂难学”“不适合于科学表达”作答即可。如照抄与中心话题无关的冗余信息，酌情扣分。)
12、列数字、作比较。通过具体数据的比较，更鲜明地突出汉字具有高信息熵(或“经过搭配，可以构成无限多的新词”，或“在应对新概念大量涌现的科学发展中具有优势”)的特点。或具体准确地说明了英语在科学发展中并无优势。
13、不能删去。不能去掉。“往往”表明大多数情况下如此，去掉就表示国人写论文都有“论证不严、逻辑不清的毛病”，说法太绝对，与事实不符，语言不严密。
14、“砼”字读写方便，输入计算机的速度快;由“砼”的字形可以揣摩出“人工合成的石头”的意思，可见汉字直观，信息量大;“砼”这一新字由三个简单的字合成，可见汉字构造新词的信息熵高。随着科技的发展，将有限数量的方块字经过搭配，可以构成无限多的新词，甚至新字，并广泛运用。
15、A
16、对于莲花的爱好，像我一样的人还有什么人呢?
17、运用了托物言志的手法，表现了他不慕名利、洁身自好、不与世俗同流合污的人生态度。
18、①我们必须慎重选择有道德有修养的人和他相处的人。② 接近好人可以使人变好，接近坏人可以使人变坏，客观环境对人的影响很大。
(谈出与之相关的看法即可)
参考译文：
和品德高尚的人交往，就好像进入 了摆满芳香的芝兰花的房间，久而 久之就闻不到兰花的香味了，这是因为自己和香味融为一体了;和品行低劣的人交往，就像进入了卖臭咸鱼的店铺，久而久之就闻不到咸鱼的臭味了，这也是因为自己与臭味融为一体了。藏朱砂的地方就是红色的，有油漆的地方就是黑色的，因此有道德修养的人必须谨慎选择相处的朋友和环境。
19、“直”字表现了大漠孤烟的劲拔坚毅之美，“圆”字给人以亲切温暖而又苍茫的感觉。这两个字既准确地描绘了塞外雄奇壮观的自然之景，又巧妙地融入了诗人的孤寂情绪。(意思对即可)
20、比喻。“蓬”和“雁”多比喻漂泊的游子，诗人身负“问边”的使命，却以“蓬”“雁”自比，说自己像随风而去的“蓬草”一样出临汉塞，像振翅北飞的“归雁”一样进入胡天，曲折地表达出诗人被排挤出朝廷的抑郁、激愤、孤寂之情。
21、材料参考立意：
目标对人生有巨大的导向性作用。
成功在一开始仅仅是一个选择。
你选择什么样的目标，就会有什么样的成就，就会有什么样的人生。