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kaoshida
单元作文题目
时间：2010-08-24
【www.jinghuajt.com--单元作文题目】
kaoshida篇(1):高考数学考试大题目的解题技巧
高考数学中分值最高的部分往往是后面的那些大题，在解答这些大题的时候，除了细心和经验，如果有一些技巧那就更好了。下面是小编为您整理的关于高考数学大题解题技巧，希望对您有所帮助!
高考数学大题解题技巧
一、立体几何题
1、证明线面位置关系，一般不需要去建系，更简单;
2、求异面直线所成的角、线面角、二面角、存在性问题、几何体的高、表面积、体积等问题时，最好要建系;
3、注意向量所成的角的余弦值(范围)与所求角的余弦值(范围)的关系(符号问题、钝角、锐角问题)。
二、导数、极值、最值、不等式恒成立(或逆用求参)问题
1、先求函数的定义域，正确求出导数，特别是复合函数的导数，单调区间一般不能并，用“和”或“，”隔开(知函数求单调区间，不带等号;知单调性，求参数范围，带等号);
2、注意最后一问有应用前面结论的意识;
3、注意分论讨论的思想;
4、不等式问题有构造函数的意识;
5、恒成立问题(分离常数法、利用函数图像与根的分布法、求函数最值法);
6、整体思路上保6分，争10分，想14分。
三、概率问题
1、搞清随机试验包含的所有基本事件和所求事件包含的基本事件的个数;
2、搞清是什么概率模型，套用哪个公式;
3、记准均值、方差、标准差公式;
4、求概率时，正难则反(根据p1+p2+...+pn=1);
5、注意计数时利用列举、树图等基本方法;
6、注意放回抽样，不放回抽样;
7、注意“零散的”的知识点(茎叶图，频率分布直方图、分层抽样等)在大题中的渗透;
8、注意条件概率公式;
9、注意平均分组、不完全平均分组问题。
高考数学大题题型
一、三角函数或数列
数列是高中数学的重要内容，又是学习高等数学的基础。高考对本章的考查比较全面，等差数列，等比数列的考查每年都不会遗漏。有关数列的试题经常是综合题，经常把数列知识和指数函数、对数函数和不等式的知识综合起来，试题也常把等差数列、等比数列，求极限和数学归纳法综合在一起。探索性问题是高考的热点，常在数列解答题中出现。本章中还蕴含着丰富的数学思想，在主观题中着重考查函数与方程、转化与化归、分类讨论等重要思想，以及配方法、换元法、待定系数法等基本数学方法。
近几年来，高考关于数列方面的命题主要有以下三个方面;(1)数列本身的有关知识，其中有等差数列与等比数列的概念、性质、通项公式及求和公式。(2)数列与其它知识的结合，其中有数列与函数、方程、不等式、三角、几何的结合。(3)数列的应用问题，其中主要是以增长率问题为主。试题的难度有三个层次，小题大都以基础题为主，解答题大都以基础题和中档题为主，只有个别地方用数列与几何的综合与函数、不等式的综合作为最后一题难度较大。
二、立体几何
高考立体几何试题一般共有4道(选择、填空题3道，解答题1道)，共计总分27分左右，考查的知识点在20个以内。选择填空题考核立几中的计算型问题，而解答题着重考查立几中的逻辑推理型问题，当然，二者均应以正确的空间想象为前提。随着新的课程改革的进一步实施，立体几何考题正朝着多一点思考，少一点计算的发展。从历年的考题变化看，以简单几何体为载体的线面位置关系的论证，角与距离的探求是常考常新的热门话题。
三、统计与概率
1.掌握分类计数原理与分步计数原理，并能用它们分析和解决一些简单的应用问题。
2.理解排列的意义，掌握排列数计算公式，并能用它解决一些简单的应用问题。
3.理解组合的意义，掌握组合数计算公式和组合数的性质，并能用它们解决一些简单的应用问题。
4.掌握二项式定理和二项展开式的性质，并能用它们计算和证明一些简单的问题。
5.了解随机事件的发生存在着规律性和随机事件概率的意义。
6.了解等可能性事件的概率的意义，会用排列组合的基本公式计算一些等可能性事件的概率。
7.了解互斥事件、相互独立事件的意义，会用互斥事件的概率加法公式与相互独立事件的概率乘法公式计算一些事件的概率。
8.会计算事件在n次独立重复试验中恰好发生k次的概率.
高考数学压轴题答题技巧
解题过程中卡在某一过渡环节上是常见的.这时，我们可以先承认中间结论，往后推，看能否得到结论.若题目有两问，第(1)问想不出来，可把第(1)问当作“已知”，先做第(2)问，跳一步解答.
对一个问题正面思考发生思维受阻时，用逆向思维的方法去探求新的解题途径，往往能得到突破性的进展.顺向推有困难就逆推，直接证有困难就反证。
“以退求进”是一个重要的解题策略.对于一个较一般的问题，如果你一时不能解决所提出的问题，那么，你可以从一般退到特殊，从抽象退到具体，从复杂退到简单，从整体退到部分，从参变量退到常量，从较强的结论退到较弱的结论.总之，退到一个你能够解决的问题，通过对“特殊”的思考与解决，启发思维，达到对“一般”的解决。
看过“高考数学考试大题目的解题技巧”
kaoshida篇(2):2008年雅思考试大作文题目
2008年的雅思考试虽已过去了，但是当年的雅思考试的大作文题目还是有参考价值的。为此百分网小编为大家带来2008年雅思考试的大作文参考题目。
2008年雅思考试大作文题目：上半年
2008年1月10日
Some people think it is good for children to spend time on TV, video, and computer games. Others believe that TV, video and computer games have negative effects on children"s development. Discuss and give your opinion.
2008年1月12日
Some people think the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentence. Others, however, think there are better alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss and give your opinion.
2008年1月19日
The old generations often hold traditional ideas about the correct way of life, thinking and behavior. However, some people think that these ideas are not helpful for young people to prepare for modern life. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In countries (where there is high unemployment) most pupils are offered only primary education; there is no point in offering secondary education to those who will have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2008年2月2日
Some people think that we can use animals in any way for the benefits of human beings. Others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
2008年2月14日
Now big cities have many problems. What are these problems? Do you think the government should encourage city residents to move to small cities and towns?
2008年2月16日
"Tomorrow is the most important thing in life." How important is it for individuals and countries to think for future rather than focusing on the present?
2008年2月23日
In some countries, it is possible to buy a wide variety of foods which have been transported from all over the world. To what extent to do the benefits of this development outweigh the drawbacks?
2008年3月1日
Most countries spend much money on education, as they start to realize the importance of education. Which two subjects do you think are the most important and which one is the least important?
Subjects: Literature, Sports, Mathematics, Economy, Physics, History, Music, Geography, Philosophy, Foreign languages
2008年雅思考试大作文题目：下半年
2008年8月9日
In some countries, the governments encourage industries and businesses to move out from large cities to regional areas. Do you think that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
2008年8月16日
Detailed descriptions of crimes are often given in the newspaper or on TV. Some people think it has bad consequences on the society and so should be restricted. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2008年8月21日
Some people think that international travel makes them prejudiced rather than broad-minded. Give reasons why people fail to benefit from travel and how to improve the understanding of countries you visit.
2008年8月30日
Some people believe that students should study in groups. Others think that they should study alone. What are the benefits of studying in groups and studying alone? Which way is more effective?
2008年9月6日
Once children start school, teachers have more influence on their intellectual and social development than parents do. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2008年9月13日
Some people believe that it is important to protect the environment, but they make no efforts on it. Why is it so? What actions should be taken to protect the environment?
2008年9月18日
Sending criminals to prison is not the effective method to deal with them. Education and job training should be used instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2008年9月27日
Poor students or students who come from rural areas often find it difficult to have access to university education. Some people think universities should make it especially easy for them to study. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2008年10月11日
Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they wanted. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2008年10月23日
Many people can now study at home through distance-learning programmes via internet or television. But some people say this kind of education can not be compared to attending a college. What is your opinion?
2008年10月25日
Economic progress is one way to measure the success of a country. Some people believe there are other factors. What other factors should be considered? Which one do you think is more important than the others?
2008年11月8日
Fashion has become more and more important when people choose clothes. Why? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
2008年11月15日
More and more people choose to work at home and students study from home as the development of computer technology makes it more convenient and cheaper. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
2008年11月20日
International travel has become much cheaper, and there are more and more tourists. Do the advantages of the increased tourism outweigh the disadvantages?
雅思大作文拿高分技巧
1、审题不清
这个问题的出现除了因为偶然看错题目，抓错关键词之外，更主要的原因是理解上的问题。
例如，有这样的一道题：“技术的范围在不断增加贫富差距。你在多大程度上同意这个说法?” “The range of technology is increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. To what extent do you agree?”.
有的学生写成：现在每个人包括乞丐都有手机，所以，这个社会没有贫富差距了;还有人写成：技术就是差距，古代没有技术很穷，现在技术很富;还有人写成：现在人口增长了，穷人和富人的数量都增长了。
其实，这道题的题干很简单，一眼便能看出题目的意思。问题在于，有的同学审题马虎，没有仔细研读、没有深入思考就匆匆落笔。
其实，题目的本意是问你：是不是技术越发达，造成的贫富差距越大?或者说，是不是技术的覆盖范围越大，造成的贫富差距越大?通俗地讲，是不是要把贫富差距怪罪到技术头上?
理解正确以后，你可以用一两句话说出你的观点(确实如此/并非如此)，然后在主体段陈述你的理由，最后总结时强调一下你的观点就可以了。
然而，不少同学由于英语基础较差，题目上如有一两个关键的单词不认识，就会造成无法落笔或者导向性错误。
另外，有的同学虽然题目上每个单词都认识，但由于题目本身是个复杂句子，在理解上有困难，于是胡猜一气，匆匆落笔。这样，结果可想而知。
比如像这样一道含有五个从句的题目，虽然没有生词，但因为它是一个比较复杂的句子，英语基础差的同学看起来不一定能完全理解，这也是影响审题的一个障碍：
"Do you agree or disagree with the statement that children who grow up in families which are short of money are better prepared to deal with the problems of adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents?"这道题问：“你同意还是不同意这样的说法：比起富人家的孩子，穷人家的孩子将来长大后能更好的应对生活中的问题?”理解到这个程度，审题应该没有问题了。
这样看来，审题也是与英语基础和理解能力相关的，所以，还是需要学习和训练。
2、没有思想
雅思写作的话题覆盖教育、生态环境、自然资源、动物保护、科技与发明、媒体与广告、政府与城市化、社会与家庭、犯罪与法律、文化、语言、旅游、全球化、职业发展与生活方式以及其他抽象的社会问题。
所以，我们说雅思写作不仅考语言水平，而且还考语言所裹挟的思想。如果你对上述社会问题从来没有思考过，甚至面对题目根本不知所云，你那蕴含什么思想的答卷交给阅卷老师?你拿什么成绩交给报考学校?
谈到思想，那是个大而深刻的话题。很多人非常健谈，有很多说不完的话题;但若不经专门的知识训练、话题训练和阅读训练，是难以上升到理想的思想高度的。
遗憾的是，不少同学没有静心学习的习惯和耐力，整天想着走捷径，天真的以为会有一蹴而就的灵丹妙药，稍稍点拨就会了。殊不知，思想方面的东西没有一定的学习积累谁也代替不了你。
可以负责任的说，那种短期集训速成、包含承诺达到某个分数的说法绝大多数都是陷阱、引君入瓮，然后瓮中捉鳖，掏干你的口袋。最后的结果是，缺乏具有真知灼见和说服力的思想，语言水平再高的文章，那等级自然也就降下去了。
3、思维混乱
逻辑训练是一门要求较高、仅次于思想训练的专业训练。缺乏这方面训练的同学势必在写作时前言不搭后语，给人思维混乱的感觉。
最简便的训练方式就是加强连词和过渡词的正确运用训练。这听起来似乎很简单，但实际上牵涉到三类从句的运用以及句子与句子的逻辑关系的准确把握。不经过系统的学习，背几个连词及句型有可能在考试中“瞎猫遇见死老鼠”，碰巧被不明就里的阅卷老师撞见而赏点分数，但作为长效机制，最好把连词、过渡词及三大从句学好。接着就是怎样井然有序又合乎逻辑地将你的思想一点一点地呈现给读者了。
比如， 雅思题目说“女性领导人一定比男性领导人在领导国家或者世界方面更好。你在多大程度上同意还是不同意?”
假如你说“不一定”，那么这就是你的思想观点。但如果你说"Not necessarily"，这只是日常对话的口语说法，你得用“Women leaders are not necessarily better than men leaders in leading a country or the world."这样的句子。接着你必须解释原因、给出实例或引经据典，最后再绕回到你的观点中来，但不能简单地重复中心思想句或主题句。
比如有的学生这样解释就很好："Although women are more gentle and less aggressive, they still cannot stop the occurrence of such problems as economic difficulties or world wars. Some people may say that women are more patient, considerate and understanding. However, as we can see, there are some countries which have women presidents and still problems have not been solved."
这种采取让步，然后再出击的手法就很有力量和见地，“虽然女性领导人更温和、更有耐心，但遇到经济及战争问题，她们仍然不能彻底解决”。
接着举例，“Germany and South Korea are the two examples in point. The two women leaders have better communication skills than men. Nonetheless, Germany still has problems about racism and South Korea is on the edge of battle with North Korea." 举德国和韩国的例子，说德国的种族歧视问题和韩国面临的南北韩问题并没有因为两国的领导人是女性而有所解决。
最后用改写主题句的方式强调一下你的观点，"Therefore, it is groundless to say that women leaders are better at managing national or international affairs." “因此，说女性领导人在管理国家或国际事务方面胜于男性领导人是毫无根据的。”
这种条分缕析、层层推进的学术语言无论是英语语言还是翻译成汉语，都不是那些思想贫瘠的大白话所能替代的。这都是一段时间潜心学习的结果。如果不经学习，任何人都不可能天生会有思想和合乎逻辑的思想表述。
4、句式错误
我见过写作中各种类型的错误，有些如拼写、单复数、时态、主谓一致等方面的低级错误，只要认真检查，考生一般可以自己纠正。
但大多数“高级错误”，如长句子缺乏主句或谓语动词等等，就比较隐蔽了。这种错误扣分极为严重，而且考生一般不易发现，因为这牵涉到句式结构问题。如没有经过长难句的专门训练，写作中很容易写出多个这类高级错误句，错到最后直至影响意义表达，阅卷老师面对你的试卷如坠云雾，根本就不知所云，你怎么会拿到好分数呢?
kaoshida篇(3):2017级大一英语上学期期末考试试卷（附答案）
Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience.
It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”
In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite(流星) from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time.
After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life” was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.
Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?
No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by other scientists. That’s how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two. It’s a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.
21. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to state that ____________.
A) most scientific discoveries are not reliable
B) mass media is misleading because it looks at the research results only
C) scientific research is a process filled with reverses and requires slow and patient
work
D) repeated experiments are necessary before medicine can be used in patients
22. Publication of a scientific finding signifies __________.
A) a challenge to fellow scientists to prove it wrong
B) the end of a process
C) the beginning of a new scientific inquiry
D) the soundness of the result
23. Einstein’s words are used to show that he thought___________.
A) experiments have proved him right
B) scientists do not need so many experiments
C) one experiment is not enough to prove him wrong.
D) scientific ideas are never free from challenge
24. NASA’s announcement of the discovery of evidence of ancient life on Mars shows _________.
A) the way human beings learn about nature
B) the failure of the scientific method
C) the fruitlessness of human search for life on another world
D) the excitement brought by scientific findings
25. It can be inferred from the passage that the media is interested in __________.
A) the process of scientific research
B) the results of scientific research
C) the scientists who do the research
D) the effects of scientific research on human life
Passage Two
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
26. Normally a student would at least attend __________classes each week.
A) 36
B) 12
C) 20
D) 15
27. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _______.
A) to live in a different university
B) to take a particular course in a different university
C) to live at home and drive to classes
D) to get two degrees from two different universities
28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because_________.
A) their academic performance will affect their future careers
B) they are heavily involved in student affairs
C) they have to observe university discipline
D) they want to run for positions of authority
29.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because_________.
A) they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study
B) they will then be able to stay longer in the university
C) such positions help them get better jobs
D) such positions are usually well paid
30. The student organizations seem to be effective in _________.
A) dealing with the academic affairs of the university
B) ensuring that the students observe university regulations
C) evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court
D) keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities
Passage Three
Doreen Sykora is now a junior at Mcgill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, and I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-----even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.
Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I’m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”
For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.
31. Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto were filled with nervousness and fear during examinations because they were__________.
A) not ready and unaware of the answers
B) physically so weak that they fell apart
C) subject to test anxiety
D) unable to write or think clearly
32. The higher the students’ worry level is, __________.
A) the less calm and relaxing they are
B) the more difficult they will be trained to manage fear
C) the more stressed and tense they are
D) the longer courses they will take to manage fear
33. What’s the purpose of some special university student-help courses?
A) To help students to reduce test anxiety.
B) To show a stress level experienced by students.
C) To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.
D) To have a better understanding of test anxiety.
34. What’s the meaning of “blank out” in paragraph one?
A) To be like a blanket.
B) To be sure of an answer.
C) To be relaxed.
D) To be unable to think clearly.
35.Which of the following best sums up the organization of the passage?
A) Examples----theories----ideas.
B) Problem----strategy----examples----results.
C) General statement----examples----result.
D) Strategy----experiment----examples.
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15 %)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
36. The president made a _______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.
A) vigorous
B) tedious
C) flat
D) harsh
37. It is not easy to learn English well but if you _______, you will succeed in the end.
A) hang up
B) hang about
C) hang on
D) hang onto
38. Remember that customers don’t _______ about prices in that city.
A) debate
B) bargain
C) dispute
D) consult
39. The newcomers found it impossible to _______ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.
A) suit
B) adapt
C) regulate
D) coordinate
40. A _______ to this problem is expected to be found before long.
A) result
B) function
C) settlement
D) solution
41. You have nothing to _______ by refusing to listen to our advice.
A) gain
B) grasp
C) seize
D) earn
42. One day I _______ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.
A) came across
B) came about
C) came after
D) came at
43. A peculiarly pointed chin is his memorable facial _______.
A) mark
B) feature
C) trace
D) appearance
44. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t _______ anything.
A) omit
B) leak
C) lack
D) withdraw
45. Our new house is very _______ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.
A) adaptable
B) convenient
C) available
D) comfortable
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