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考研英语小作文

历年高考作文 时间:2010-10-28

【www.jinghuajt.com--历年高考作文】

第一篇考研英语小作文:历年考研英语小作文类型统计

考研英语小作文_历年考研英语小作文类型统计


  考研英语作为研究生的门槛之一,其重要性不可忽视,而小作文,是一种应用性短文。小编为大家精心准备了历年考研英语小作文类型分析,欢迎大家前来阅读。
  考研历年英语小作文都考的类型
  【英语一】
  已考类型:
  辞职信1次, 询问信1次, 建议信4次、 道歉信1次、 告示1次、 推荐信1次、 邀请信1次、通知信1次
  未考类型:
  感谢信,祝贺信,慰问信,申请信,投诉信,介绍信,请求信
  【英语二】
  已考类型:
  感谢信1 次、建议信2次、 祝贺信1次、 投诉信1次、 倡议书1次、 介绍信1次、 询问信1次、通知信1次
  未考类型:
  道歉信,推荐信,邀请信,慰问信,申请信,请求信。
  这些未考类型很有可能是今年命题的方向,尤其是慰问信、申请信、请求信这三类在英语一、英语二中都还没有考过,所以更需引起大家的重视。
  在考研英语试卷上,考场上一般都会选择先以小作文为开端,如果能顺利的完成一篇感觉不错的小文章,不仅能给自己信心,很快进入写作状态,还能给大作文预留下充分的时间。因此同学们在学习大作文写作的同时不要忽略了对小作文的备考练习!
  以上就是为大家整理的历年考研英语小作文出题类型统计,大家可以了解一下进行针对性复习,争取英语作文拿到高分。
  历年考研英语小作文书信题目整理
  一、英语一
  2005年
  51. Directions:
  Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.
  Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead.
  You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
  2006 年
  51. Directions
  You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
  Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2.
  Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead.
  You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
  2007年
  51. Directions:
  Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
  You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.
  Do not write the address. (10 points)
  2008 年
  Part A
  51. Directions:
  You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
  1) make an apology, and
  2) suggest a solution.
  You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.
  Do not write the address. (10 points)
  2009年
  51. Directions:
  Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. "White pollution "is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
  give your opinions briefly and
  make two or three suggestions
  You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
  2010年
  51. Directions:
  You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.
  You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.
  2011年
  51.Directions:
  Write a letter to a friend of yours to
  1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation
  Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User"LI MING"instead.
  Do not writer the address.(10 points)
  2012年
  51.Directions:
  Write a letter to a friend of yours to
  1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation
  Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User"LI MING"instead.
  Do not writer the address.(10 points)
  盘点考研英语写作的类型
  这种作文的模板通常为:
  ● 开头段:介绍现象或通过描述图画点题;
  no one can fail to notice the fact that an increasing number of Chinese are fond of celebrating some Western festivals today. For instance, on Valentine’s Day, many people give flowers or chocolate to the one they love.
  ● 正文段:解释这种现象产生的原因或含义;
  there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.
  ● 结尾段:呼应前文,总结并评价主题或预测未来,也可提出建议。
  today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.
  问 题 解 答 型
  该类作文通常提出一急需解决的社会问题,如环境污染、养老问题、能源危机、人才流失、食品安全、假冒伪劣产品等问题。
  考研英语小作文通用版
  一、道歉信
  道歉信是由于自己的疏忽失误而向对方表达歉意并出于诚意写出具体弥补办法。第一段首先亮出写作目的并简单阐述该物品的状态:I am writing to make an apology to you for+句子(表明事件因由)。
  第二段列出出错的原因及具体补救办法:To make up my fault, ......\ I will......as a token of my apology\ I sincerely apologize for my careless mistake as well as for any inconvenience thus caused to you.
  第三段再一次表达歉意:Once again, I am sorry for my carelessness. Looking forward to your reply.
  应用文中的这三类投诉信、建议信、道歉信,每一类都有其写作的范式和具体的内容要求,并且语言要求简单准确,所以这需要大家清楚每一类文章的一些常用语句,在平常积累背诵,在考场上信手拈来。
  二、投诉信
  投诉信是对于产品、服务等的不满意,进而需要写出自己的意见和要求。第一段需写写信的目的以及自己的一个概括的期望:常用套话比如I venture to write to complain about ……+定语从句;I would be grateful if you could do anything necessary to solve the problem facing me.
  第二段阐述两、三方面所面临的产品或服务的问题及后果:there are several aspects underlying this complaint. For one thing,......For another,......In addition,......
  第三段给出具体的期望,比如退款或更换新产品:It is my sincere hope that you could give me full refund or replace it with a new one. Your kind reply to this letter at your earliest convenience would be very much appreciated.
  三、推荐信
  推荐信可以推荐一个人、一个地方、一本书、一部电影。在信中表明推荐的内容、原因及进一步的沟通。
  第一段概括说要推荐的内容:I am writing to you to recommend .I have sufficient reasons to introduce this to you and I dare say this is the best I have ever seen.
  第二段叙述推荐的东西的价值,可以从表面和深层两方面来写:This movie/book/city的主题或城市坐落于哪里。What is more, 情节吸引人、里边景色引人入胜。Finally, this movie will definitely change our attitude toward this world and the people around us. We will learn that......
  第三段总结句:Therefore I don’t hesitate to recommend this to you. I am sure you will enjoy the。
  四、辞职信
  辞职信内容应包括简单对所在公司及领导的感谢,并表明辞职原因并表达歉意,最后再致歉并送上简单祝福。第一段首先致谢:I am grateful to be employed as 职位+时间。Thank you for your kind attention and I would appreciate the opportunity of having worked here.
  第二段表明自己要辞职,列出原因,比如离家远想换到更近的位置;工作不适合自己等等。现在给大家一个例子:However, I regret having to resign from my position. The reason for changing my working plan is that I have expected the job to be interesting and challenging, which turns out to be the opposite. As a young man full of enthusiasm, I therefore decide to quit this job for something else.可以根据自己的具体情况给出自己的理由,切不可千篇一律。
  第三段简单表明希望得到允许、歉意及祝福:I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Wish you and your company great success in the future.
  五、建议信
  一般就某个社会问题或个人问题给出自己的意见或建议,比如环境要改善的谏言;研究生活应该如何进行,等等。分两类建议信,一类写给机构,语言要正式严谨;而如果写给熟人,则语言可以随意一些。第一段概括写出写信的大致内容:I am writing here to provide some advice to improve......\You have asked me for my advice concerning/with regard to......
  第二段详述具体的建议,可分条阐述:To begin with,......Besides,......Moreover,......
  第三段总结段:I hope you will find these suggestions useful and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a good work.
  六、求职信
  求职信内容包含简单告知求职人从何处获悉空缺职位;自我介绍阐述职位所需的而自己符合的优点;盼对方早日恢复给以面试机会。第一段:I am looking for a position in 专业 department in which I may use my training in 专业 to solve 专业 problems. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for your recently advertised position for a staff member.
  第二段表明自己符合该职位。I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and working experience. Second, I am young, enthusiastic and sociable, and these personalities also make me a perfect candidate for it. Last, my hobbies include......
  第三段盼能给以面试机会并表示感谢:I wish you would give me an opportunity to be interviewed. I can be reached by calling me or the address on the envelope. I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my application favorably at your earliest convenience and give me a reply.
  要想在考研英语作文上获得高分,也不能完全依靠模板,平时还是要多多练习一下写作,背诵的一些模板、写作佳句等,要学会运用才算是真正掌握,才能在2016考研英语的考场上用得恰到好处。

第二篇考研英语小作文:考研英语小作文的重要关注点

考研英语小作文_考研英语小作文的重要关注点


  考研英语小作文看似简单,但也有很多点容易出错,需要大家来注意。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语小作文的复习要点,欢迎大家前来阅读。
  考研英语小作文有哪些重要关注点
  (1)重要关注点一:礼貌原则
  所谓的“礼貌原则”,就是指在小作文中要秉承礼貌的原则,尽量少用直白的、语气较强的词,如must,can等;而应该多用表示委婉的语气的词,如could,should和would等。如,在表达写作目的的时候可以说I would like to know……
  (2)重要关注点二:表述差异
  这里主要指中英文在表达时间和地点的时候出现的差异。英文中时间和地点的表达顺序和汉语相反。汉语中在表述地点的时候,通常是从大到小,先写大地方,再写小地方;而英语则是恰恰相反,它是从小到大,即先写小地方,再写大地方。在描述时间的时候,中文的常见表达是“年,月,日”;而英文的常见方式是“月,日,年”。这常见于邀请信和通知中。二者的差异较大,小编建议大家千万不能忽视这些细节问题。
  (3)重要关注点三:不抄Direction
  此外,另一个细节问题就是不能抄写direction中的句子,这只是出题人用于引导思维,指导写作的话。但我们在写作的时候可用其中的部分词或者是短语。小编认为,一个较为实用的方法,是对题目进行同义改写,既能拓展思路,也能丰富语言,得到高分。
  (4)重要关注点四:注意书信和通知格式不同
  书信的格式包括称呼、正文、落款;而通知的格式则是:标题、正文和落款。由此,我们可以发现很容易把它们的格式弄混淆,二者的区别在于书信没有标题,通知有标题;书信有称呼,而通知没有。
  (5)重要关注点五:不使用缩写
  考研英语的作文,不管是大作文还是小作文,从格式上说都属于正式语域。所谓的正式语域,也就是说语言的风格较为正式。既然如此,那作文就应该使用书面语言,而非口语。而且,不能单词不能出现缩写的形式,因为这不属于正式语域。
  考研英语阅读的速度指南
  ▶1.手指点击的习惯
  指读是指用手指、铅笔或尺子等指着一个个词进行阅读的习惯。这种指读的单纯机械运用不仅会减慢阅读速度,而且还会把我们的注意力引向错误的方向。
  一个高效率的阅读者不会注意单词的位置,也不会在每个单词上平均花费时间,而是把注意力集中在作者要阐明的思想内容上。指读的习惯实际上妨碍了眼睛运动并限制了大脑的快速活动能力。因此,必须克服这种不良的阅读习惯,逐渐养成用脑瞬间反映文字信息的能力。
  ▶2.心里默读的习惯
  心读是一种很难观察到的阅读习惯。心读时,人体的任何部位,不论嘴、头或声带都没有动,只存在一种说话的内在形式:学生在内心里始终自言自语,清晰地发出并听着每个字音。这种毛病亦是一种很坏的阅读习惯,它直接影响到阅读的速度和效率,并且矫正起来又比较困难。采用强制自己深入理解文章内容的同时,又强制自己加快阅读速度的方法一般能逐渐克服这种坏习惯。
  ▶3.出声阅读的习惯
  许多朋友都有出声阅读的习惯。
  出声阅读的主要弊病就是使阅读速度和效率受说话速度的限制。因为,正常默读速度几乎要比出声朗读的速度快两倍以上。
  另外,出声阅读往往以不同的形式表现出来,有时看见的仅仅是无声地动动嘴唇,有时甚至连嘴唇也不动,只是舌、喉在活动。嘴唇的活动无疑会影响眼睛的扫视速度,“一个有效率的读者能够只要看到印刷符号,就直接获得意思,而不经过声音阶段。”因此,要克服这种不良的阅读习惯,就要训练自己养成通过视觉器官直接感知文字符号的视读能力。
  ▶4.摇头晃脑的习惯
  阅读时头部下意识地左右摆动是阅读的另一坏习惯。在阅读过程中,有些人往往尽量使自己的鼻尖对准他正在读的每一个字。这样,当他顺着一行字往下读时,他就会轻微地摆动头部,而当他通过头来看下一行时,他就会很快转回去以便使鼻尖再对准书页的左边。
  这种头的摆动,学生往往意识不到,而正是这种不必要的动作往往对阅读速度产生影响。因此,必须克服这种毛病,养成阅读时只移动视线的习惯。
  ▶5.重复阅读的习惯
  复视指的是读完一个句子或段落后回过头去重复阅读。阅读能力差的朋友往往过分依赖于复视以养成一种习惯。改变这种不良习惯的办法就是让自己阅读大量难度适宜的读物,这样就不会因遇到生词或不太懂的短语、句子或段落而回过头来再看,以至养成复视的习惯。
  以上五种是常见的错误习惯,当然还有其他的不良习惯,例如“思想开小差”、“不停的查字典”、“过多的进行语法分析”等等都会影像同学们的阅读速度。同学们应该针对自身存在的不良习惯,努力克服,不断练习才能提高考研英语的阅读速度,为考试赢得宝贵的时间。
  考研英语新题型怎么做
  ▶一、概念解读
  新题型又称段落大意题,新题型的解答需要理解文章的段落大意。考研英语新题型是一种以快速阅读为完成条件的阅读类题型补充。包括选词填句题、排序题和小标题选择题三种题型,常考的为前两种。
  ▶二、考察类型
  7选5填空:是一种特殊的完型填空,把一篇文章的5个地方挖空,要求根据文章内容从给出的7段文字中选出正确的填到空白处,使语义对应,上下流畅。
  5选5排序:将一篇文章原有顺序打乱,分为7-8个部分,要求考生根据文章内容将所列段落重新排序,其中有2-3段的位置已经给出,填剩下5个。
  6选5标题:一篇文章给出6-7个概括句或小标题,这些文字或标题分别对应文中某一部分,要求考生从中选出5个标题填入文章空白处。
  新题型虽然分很多种类型,具体的考法也不一样,但是它们的考核目的是一样的,都是考察考生对连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解,要求考生从整体上而不是细节上把握文章的内容。
  ▶三、做题步骤
  (1)完形填句:
  第一,通读文章首段,迅速得知文章的大意。
  第二,通读选项,在每个选项下标出该选项的大致意思,一遍做题时能迅速找到所需选项。
  第三,根据各个空白处的所在位置,分析空白处的上下文,通过逻辑关系和语意内容分辨出选项分别属于文章那个部分,并尝试与空白处的上下文有机的衔接起来,选出正确答案。第四,将所选选项带回原文,检查连贯性。
  (2)排序题:
  第一,通读文章首段,大致了解文章的主旨,如果首段没有确定,则应通过阅读个选项先确定首段。
  第二,迅速浏览各个选项,重点阅读各段首末句,概括出各个选项的大意,从而明确整个文章大致内容,了解各个选项之间的内在逻辑关系。
  第三,根据各个段落的逻辑关系给选项排序。第四,把文章按所选的顺序带进文章,检查段落顺序是否合理。
  (3)小标题选择题
  第一,先通读各个选项,从选项中推断出相关段落的大致内容。
  第二,细读所考段落,抓住每个主题句和核心词汇,正确答案常常是主题句的改写。
  第三,将从段落中提炼的主题句和选项对比,选出答案。

第三篇考研英语小作文:考研英语大小作文有什么命题规律

考研英语小作文_考研英语大小作文有什么命题规律


  我们在准备考研的复习时,需要把英语大小作文的命题规律掌握好。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语大小作文的复习重点,欢迎大家前来阅读。
  考研英语大小作文的命题规律
  小作文
  据统计:每年小作文的全国平均分为5.5-6分左右,所以对于满分10分的小作文来说,提分的空间还是很大的!
  小作文主要是一种应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。仅仅信函类就包括辞职信、申请信、道歉信、慰问信、祝贺信等等,一起来看下历年考研英语小作文类型统计吧!
  题目汇总
  【英语一】
  已考类型:
  辞职信1次, 询问信1次, 建议信4次、 道歉信1次、 告示2次、 推荐信1次、 邀请信1次、通知信1次
  未考类型:
  感谢信,祝贺信,慰问信,申请信,投诉信,介绍信,请求信
  【英语二】
  已考类型:
  感谢信1 次、建议信3次、 祝贺信1次、 投诉信1次、 倡议书1次、 介绍信1次、 询问信1次、通知信1次
  未考类型:
  道歉信,推荐信,邀请信,慰问信,申请信,请求信。
  命题规律
  从往年的考试命题来看,建议信是考察比较多的类型,但是很多未考过的类型很有可能是今年命题的方向,尤其是慰问信、申请信、请求信这三类在英语一、英语二中都还没有考过,所以更需引起大家的重视。
  在考研英语试卷上,考场上一般都会选择先以小作文为开端,如果能顺利的完成一篇感觉不错的小文章,不仅能给自己信心,很快进入写作状态,还能给大作文预留下充分的时间。因此同学们在学习大作文写作的同时不要忽略了对小作文的备考练习!
  大作文
  题目汇总
  2016年:言传身教,榜样的作用(英语一)、旅游(英语二)
  2015年:手机时态的聚合(英语一)、城市居民春节花销(英语二)
  2014年:孝道或关爱老人(英语一)、城镇化或城乡人口对比(英语二)
  2013年:选择(英语一)、大学生兼职(英语二)
  2012年:乐观(英语一)、工作满意度(英语二)
  2011年:旅途之"余"(英语一)、国内轿车市场品牌份额(英语二)
  2010年:文化"火锅" (文化融合)(英语一)、手机入网(英语二)
  2009年:网络的"近"与"远"
  2008年:合作(的重要性)
  2007年:乐观心态(是成功的关键)
  2006年:偶像崇拜
  2005年:(年轻人应该)赡养父母
  2004年:终点又是新的起点
  2003年:温室里的花朵经不起风雨
  2002年:美国女孩穿着中国传统服饰(中国与世界的文化交流)
  2001年:(困难的时候,人人都应该献)爱心
  2000年:全球商业捕鱼(自然生态平衡遭破坏)
  命题规律
  1、常考话题有四大类:道德伦理类、教育文化类、社会生活类、环保生态类。
  2、常考话题类别隔年反复考察。
  3、话题贴近大学生生活或与近年社会热点话题。
  4、命题不会涉及时事政治或敏感话题
  5、命题体现和谐社会原则:个人自身的和谐发展、个人与他人或与社会的和谐关系、个人与自然的和谐共处。
  大家在复习英语作文时一定要认真研究一下往年的考试题目和话题的考查方向,多关注社会热点,自己多动手去写,有能力的小伙伴可以在复习和练习中形成自己的“特色模板”。
  考研英语二完型填句题解题步骤及方法
  【解题步骤】
  第一步:找出各选项的关联词
  第二步:将代词后面指代的内容还原回文章,进行匹配。
  【解题技巧】
  第一,选项中出现时间年代时,往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
  第二,选项中出现代词时,该选项往往不能放在首句,要能分辨出该代词所指的内容:it可指代前面的单数名词或整个句子;they或them指代前面的复数名词;one指代前面的单数可数名词;that指代前面的不可数名词或句子;this指代前面的单数名词或句子。
  第三,将选项与原文对比时,与原文重复或同义改写的字越多的往往就是正确选项。
  第四,做完型填句(段)题时不用按顺序做,先做简单的后做难的,注意寻找上下文中的关键信息。
  【例题】2013年
  The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
  Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today"s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
  (42)____This is a shame-the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
  Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental changed" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____.
  When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community"s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
  The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today"s economic climate.
  The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
  [A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
  [B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.
  [C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
  [D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
  [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
  [F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
  [G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
  【解题步骤】
  1. 找选项关键词
  [A] two communities: one that is …and one that is …
  [B] the numbers, 2010, these Keywords.
  [C] the idea is, integrate their work
  [D] the solution
  [E] These issues, Stemming climate change, for example ,
  [F] these factors, such problems .
  [G]funds, 4% to 25%; 15%.
  2. 关键词匹配文章
  [B] the numbers ,2010, these Keywords.匹配到43空前的number和Keywords.
  [C] the idea is,integrate their work匹配到45空前的idea和collaborate
  [E] These issues, Stemming climate change , for example。利用for example可以匹配到41空前的原词,these issues可以匹配到including后面的许多因素。
  [F] these factors, such problems. 利用such problems匹配到42空前的problems,these factors匹配到前面的冒号后的内容。
  [G] funds, 4% to 25%; 15%.匹配到44空后的that is …amount。
  考研英语小作文写作步骤及要素
  一、写作步骤
  第一步:找范文
  应用文考察的书信类型有十几种,每一种有不同的写作思路。考生需要先根据书信类型,找出至少两篇优秀的范文。
  第二步:改范文
  大部分考生找到的范文可能来自网络,或市面上的书籍。上面即使没有错误,但是容易落入俗套,跟其他考生写的一样。因此,要想得高分,还要根据应用文的写作技巧,对找到的范文进行修改。
  第三步:整理思路
  改完范文后整理出每一种书信的写作思路,例如感谢信的写作思路:第一段自我介绍,说明目的;第二段说明自己的困难—得到什么帮助—帮助后自己有哪些改善—说明帮助的重要性;第三段再一次表示感谢,希望偿还好意。整理写作思路后,无论遇到什么样的文章,都可以做到条理清晰,层次分明。
  第四步:背诵范文
  将改写完后的范文,以及每一种书信的写作思路,都背下来。
  二、写作要素
  ▶要素一:称呼
  ①知道姓名:Dear+Mr./Ms./Mrs.+姓氏,
  ②不知道姓名:Dear Sir or Madam.
  ③较为亲近:Dear +名字,(中国人用全名)
  ▶要素二:自我介绍
  ① My name is Li Ming,who is×××.
  ② I am Li Ming,who is ×××.
  ▶要素三:写作目的
  ①I am writing the letter in purpose of expressing my 主题名词 to you for 事件.
  翻译:我写这封信的目的是要表达我对(时间)的(主题名词)。
  ②The purpose of letter that I am writing is to express my 主题名词 to you for 事件.
  翻译:我写这封信的目的在于表达我对(事件)的(主题名词)。
  ▶要素四:信函内容
  ①原因:为什么写信,目的何在?
  ②建议:通过相应的建议,体现写作目的。
  ▶要素五:表达感谢
  ①Thank you for your time and consideration.感谢你的时间和耐心。
  ② My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.对于你的慷慨帮助,我的感激之情溢于言表。
  ③ Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you . 我难以用言语来表达对你真诚的感谢。
  ④ For all you have done for me ,my true gratitude is beyond the word"s description.对你为我所做的一切,我真诚的感激溢于言表。
  ▶要素六:期待回信
  ①期待尽快回信:I am looking forward to your reply soon.
  ②期待满意答复:I Look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
  ③期待对方关注:Your prompt attention to my letter would be highly appreciated.
  ▶要素七:落款
  ①万能用法:Yours sincerely,/Sincerely yours,
  ②私人信件:Best wishes,/Best regards,/Warmest regards,/You ever,/Yours,/Cordially,
  ③亲密关系Affectionately,/Yours Affectionately,/Love,/Lovely,
  /Cheers,/Your devoted friend,/Your loving father(mother,son...)
  ④公务信件:Yours faithfully,/Yours truly,/Yours respectfully,/Yours gratefully,/Yours cordially
  下面我们重点来看一下信函类的应用文写作:
  信函是交涉事物、增进了解、交流思想、联络感情的重要工具。就文体基本划分为正式和非正式文体,就种类可划分为私人、公务、社交、商务信件,在考研英语中,我们多以用途来划分和备考,即求职信、咨询信、感谢信、投诉信、建议信、邀请信等。我们以投诉信和感谢信为例,探讨写作方法
  1.投诉信
  所谓投诉信是指针对某件不愉快的事情向责任人提出的投诉信件,信中多寻求解决方法,写作要求一般为:
  (1)首段开门见山指明所投诉的具体事件。
  (2)将问题清晰、简洁、公正地描述出来,指出事件带来的诸多不便。
  (3)感谢对方倾听投诉,同时清楚地表达你所想到的解决方法,期待对方尽早回复和解决问题。
  2.感谢信
  所谓感谢信是指因为某事件向收信人表明感激之意,写作要求一般为:
  (1)首先表明写作意图,开门见山表达谢意。
  (2)说明因何事向对方表示感谢,注意感情真挚。
  (3)感谢信一般为非官方,若为官方感谢信注意语言的严肃性。
  (4)结尾再次表达真挚感激之情。

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