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一、提取信息的技巧 1. 阅读材料若是一个故事，找出5个W和1个H。其中，最重要的要点是“某人(who)做了做事(what)”。若是夹叙夹议的文章，还要加上故事的寓意(即5W1H+moral)。
2. 议论文的阅读材料，则要根据文章结构找出其论点、论据和结论。
3. 现象类说明文的阅读材料,要找出“现象”“造成这种现象的原因”“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。
二、夹叙夹议文的概要
闪亮模板
Version1: The passage / writer highlights / stresses / emphasizes the importance/value /significance of...(寓意) by sharing an illuminating story/an unforgettable story...(5W1H)
Version2: The instructive story that / The writer’s unforgettable experience that...(5W1H), conveys / shows / displays / reflects/indicates a truth/lesson that.... (寓意)
灵活运用
阅读下面短文，用约30个词概括其主要内容。
1.(2011广州一模) Good morning，Ladies and gentlemen. This is Li Hua from Senior Three. I’m here today to share with you a good lesson from an overseas Chinese student living in Germany. It is a true story.
After years of hard work, this Chinese students graduated with amazing academic achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good job easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even allowed the chance for an interview! The third time he was turned down, he couldn’t help telephoning the company to ask why they didn’t want him. The answer was simple, “We don’t hire dishonest people in Germany.”
What was wrong you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was easy to skip buying subway tickets. So, to save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.
From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits by dishonest means, but the truth will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember: honesty is the best policy.
That’s all for my speech. Thank you!
2.（２０１１广州二模）There was a Nebraska farmer who grew award-winning corn. Each year he entered the district’s farming competition where his corn always came out on top and won the blue ribbon.
One year a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learned something interesting about how he grew it. To his great surprise, the reporter discovered that each year the farmer shared his corn seed with his neighbors.
“Why do you share your best seed with your neighbors when they are competing against you?”the reporter asked. The farmer’s reply made everything clear.
“Why sir,”said the farmer,” didn’t you know? The wind will blow corn pollen(花粉) from field to field. If my neighbors grow poor corn, it will affect the quality of my corn. If I am to grow good corn, I must help my neighbors grow good corn.”
His corn cannot improve unless his neighbors’ corn also improves. And so it is in life. If we co-operate and help each other out, life can get better for everyone, and the benefits can be shared by all. But if we think only of ourselves, our selfishness will not only hurt others but it may come back to hurt us.
三、议论文的概要
闪亮模板
The passage / writer highlights / stresses / emphasizes ...（论点), maintaining / believing / arguing that...(论据).
灵活运用
阅读下面短文，用约30个词概括其主要内容。
1.（2011广州六校）Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest．It is of great importance to human beings． Everybody not only needs love, but also should give love．
As a saying goes,“Love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places．” This is indeed true．People in dark places need more light than ordinary people．Maybe a dim light can give them much hope for a better life dim light can give them much hope for a better lifeand progress．Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to step out of their difficulties．For instance, when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life．Or when a little girl in a poor area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life．Actually, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed．
The world needs love．We expect to get love from others and we are also supposed to give love to others．When you see someone in difficulty or in need of help, don’t hesitate to give your love to him, then the world will be a better place for us to live in．
2.（2011珠海）Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times．Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day．So, getting up early is of great importance to us all．
In fact, morning is the best time of a day．In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions．Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other time of the day． If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier．Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early．However, if we get up late, we’ll probably have to do everything in a great hurry．
Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it．If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.
四、现象类说明文概要
闪亮模板：This article states the importance of / points out the common phenomenon that / reveals that / discusses the impact of ...（现象). Besides, (原因、建议或措施）.
灵活运用
阅读下面短文，用约30个词概括其主要内容。
1.（2011惠州）Sleep is a serious business for China’s education authorities. Yu Jianwei, an official with the National People’s Congress Internal and Judicial Affairs Department, said that according to a survey, at least 30 million students under the age of 17 have suffered from a variety of emotional and behavioral problems. The number of people under the age of 18 in China is more than 300 million.
As early as in 1994, the National Educational Committee (the predecessor of the Ministry of Education) issued a document to guarantee sleep for students. On June 1, 2007, the revised law On the Protection of Minors stated that schools and parents must ensure that primary and secondary school students get enough sleep.
The Educational Ministry regulates the amount of homework students are given and also dictates that teachers are not allowed to occupy students’ spare time, including week-ends and vacations, with extra classes.
In 2008, schools in three districts in Shanghai began asking students to arrive half an hour later, and replaced the original morning reading time with physical activity.
In addition to Shenyang, many other provinces and cities have introduced measures to ensure primary and secondary school students get more sleep.
2.(2011中山) A generation ago, after-school tutors(家庭教师)were fairly rare. However, that’s changed. Now more and more high school students, especially in big cities, seem to need professional help from tutors to keep up with their study, especially in English, maths and science courses. Many parents are willing to pay for private tutors in order to prepare their children for the tests they must take for admission to a good university.
What has changed in teaching approaches or the curriculum that causes more students to seek tutoring? In fact, commentaries in newspapers, journals, or blogs point out two reasons for the popularity of tutors. First, as top colleges become more competitive, some subjects in high schools have certainly gotten more difficult. Second, increasing competition to get into selective colleges has encouraged parents to give their children the possibility of improving their scores on a college admissions test. The fact that students must now pass a test in mathematics (among other subjects) to receive a high school diploma has undoubtedly encouraged more parents of students with poor study skills or test-taking habits to hire a tutor. Parents have to hire tutors to help struggling children――especially children with learning disabilities――to pass a required course.
参考概要
夹叙夹议文
1.
(1)The passage highlights the value of honesty by sharing an illuminating story of an overseas Chinese student, who couldn’t get a good job because he had been caught without a ticket in the subway.
(2)The instructive story that an overseas Chinese student couldn’t get a good job because he had been caught without a ticket in the subway conveys a truth that honesty is the best policy.
2.
(1)The passage emphasizes the significance of sharing and co-operation by telling an illuminating story that a farmer won the district’s farming competition by sharing his best seeds with his neighbors.
(2)The instructive story that a farmer won the district’s farming competition by sharing his best seeds with his neighbors conveys a truth that sharing and co-operation can benefit us all.
议论文
1. The writer stresses love is important to us human beings as a noble feeing, arguing that we need others’ love and we should also give love to others, especially those in the dark places.
2. The passage highlights getting up early in the morning is a good habit, maintaining that it will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
现象说明文
1. This article points out the phenomenon that 1ack of sleep may cause many health problems for adolescents, for which the educational authorities have issued some regulations. Besides, some districts have also taken measures.
2. This article points out the phenomenon that many high school students turn to after-school tutors for help because of the difficult subjects in high school and the fierce competition to get into universities.
(作者单位：广州市真光中学)
责任编校蒋小青
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