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Why is education democratic in bookless, tribal societies?
Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks -- those purchasable wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits?
So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births -- but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.
It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates" -- if the term can be applied to peoples without a script -- while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries.
Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parent; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child.
【参考译文】
教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一。我们许多人都相信，一个没有受过教育的人，是逆境的牺牲品，被剥夺了20世纪的最优越的机会之一。现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性，对教育机构投资，收回的‘利息’便是培养出大批有知识的男女青年，这些人可能成为未来的栋梁。教育，以其教学周期如此精心地安排，并以教科书 -- 那些可以买到的智慧源泉 -- 予以强化，如果不受其惠，文明将会是个什么样子呢？
至少，这些是可以肯定的：虽然我们还会有医生和牧师、律师和被告、婚姻和生育，但人们的精神面貌将是另一个样子。人们不会重视‘资料和数据’，而靠好记性、实用心理学与同伴相处的能力。如果我们的教育制度仿效没有书籍的古代教育，我们的学院将具有可以想象得出的最民主的形式了。在部落中，通过传统继承的知识为所有人共享，并传授给部落中的每一个成员。从这个意义上讲，人人受到的有关生活本领的教育是相等的。
这就是我们最进步的现代教育试图恢复的“平等起步”的理想状况。在原始文化中，寻求和接受传统教育的义务对全民都有约束力。因而没有“文盲”（如果这个字眼儿可以用于没有文字的民族的话）。而我们的义务教育成为法律在德国是在1642年，在法国是在1806年，在英国是在1876年。今天，在许多“文明”国家里，义务教育迄今尚未实行。这说明，经过了多么漫长的时间之后，我们才认识到，有必要确保我们的孩子享有多少个世纪以来由‘少数幸运者’所积累起来的知识。
荒凉地区的教育不是钱的问题，所有的人都享有平等起步的权利。那里没有我们今天社会中的匆忙生活，而匆忙的生活常常妨碍个性的全面发展。荒凉地区的孩子无时无刻不在父母关怀下成长。因此，丛林和荒凉地区不知道什么叫“青少年犯罪”。人们没有必要离家谋生，所以不会产生孩子无人管的问题，也不存在父亲无力为孩子支付教育费用而犯难的问题。
1.adverse
adj.不利的, 有害的
例句：Dirt and disease are adverse to the best growth of children.
肮脏与疾病对儿童健康成长不利。
2.purchasable
adj.可买到的
例句：Steel plate purchasable if so purchase price and delivery time expect?
能否购得钢板？若可能，约何时发货，价格如何？
3.preacher
n. 传教士
4.defendant
n. 被告
例句：This defendant is charged with murder.
这名被告被控犯有谋杀罪。
5.outlook
n. 视野
例句：He has a broad outlook on life.
他的人生观十分豁达。
6.capacity
n. 能力
7.democratic
adj. 民主的
8.tribal
n. 部落的
9.tribe
n. 部落
10.illiterate
n. 文盲
例句：An illiterate,later he received some schooling.
他原先大字不识一个,后来接受一些学校教育。
11.compulsory
adj. 义务的
例句：Attendance at the meeting is compulsory.
会议是必须参加的。
12.deem
v. 认为
例句：Don"t you deem that it is your duty to help?
你不认为助人是你的责任吗?
13.means
n. 方法，手段，财产，资力
14.hamper
v. 妨碍
例句：Prejudice sometimes hampers a person from doing the right thing.
有时候, 偏见会妨碍人正确行事。
15.savannah
n. 大草原
16.juvenile
adj. 青少年
17.delinquency
n. 犯罪
Give us freedom
Last term, I started to like comic, pop music. Lots of superstars are my idols. Such as Conan, Jay, Syusuke and so on. But my mum dislikes them. She wants me to study diligently. I have such kind of experience. One day, when I was reading Harry potter with great interest. My mum shouted, "This is a fantastic book, you should do your homework" How depressed I was at that time. So, I always feel uncomfortable when staying with my mum. I think my mum is too serious and too strict with me, and she seldom gives me freedom.
Today, lots of parents hope their children become talent, if we study without any rest, they will be happy. My mum always talks to me,"It"s time to learn English, it"s time to read Chinese text book." Our high score will be a great satisfaction to our parents. If we lose the high score in our single examination, they will be angry. Besides this, they are angry at our choices in comic, in music and even our way of speech. Mum, Dad, Do you know, they are not bad things, and they are our happiness.
If we plan to do something of ourselves, we had better try our parents understand us. If our parents see that we have high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give us the right to do what we want to do.
请给我们自由
上学期，我开始喜欢漫画，流行音乐。很多明星都是我的偶像。如柯南，周杰伦，周助等等。但是我妈妈不喜欢他们。她要我努力学习。我有这样的经历。有一天，当我很感兴趣的读了哈利·波特。我的妈妈喊道，“这是一本让人沉迷的书，你应该做你的家庭作业”我当时是多么沮丧。所以，我跟我妈妈呆在一起的时候总是感到不舒服。我想我的妈妈是对我要求太严格，她很少给我自由。
今天，许多家长希望自己的孩子变得聪明，如果我们一直学习不休息，他们会很高兴的。我妈妈总是告诉我，“到时间学习英语了，到时间去读中文书了。“我们的高的分数会使我们的父母感到非常满意。如果我们在一次考试失去了高分，他们会生气的。除此之外，他们会对这些感到愤怒，我们在漫画，在音乐、甚至我们的说话方式的选择上。妈妈，爸爸，你们知道吗，这些东西都不是不好的事情，它们是我们的快乐所在。
如果我们计划自己去做一些事情，我们最好尝试让我们的父母理解我们。如果我们的父母看到我们有高度的责任感，他们一定会给我们权利去做我们想做的事情。